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Genetic Technology Development and International Security Efforts

遗传技术发展和国际安全努力

基本信息

批准号：
2037269
负责人：
Noah Tamarkin
金额：
$ 15.88万
依托单位：
Cornell University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-07-01 至 2022-09-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2037269&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Genetic Technology Development International Security

项目摘要

Genomics has become increasingly important for law and policing, as evidenced by the proliferation of national criminal DNA databases throughout the world. New national criminal DNA databases, once limited to high-income countries, are becoming widespread in middle-income countries and they are also beginning to be established in low-income countries. But DNA databases require infrastructural resources and expertise to implement and maintain. How are places that are marked by capacity challenges and conditions of scarcity establishing and running DNA databases under these conditions, and how might their strategies inform the global future of this phenomenon? How does DNA become transformed into something that is reliable and useful in national legal contexts and in international security efforts, and what are the consequences for how science and citizenship are lived and experienced? This research project will address these questions by investigating the intersection between genomics and law, related infrastructural investments, and the networks of people who must work together to transform genetic data into legally legible evidence.Dr. Noah Tamarkin of the Ohio State University, explores how the use of genetic technologies in criminal law might change experiences and forms of citizenship as well as social and cultural understandings of science and what constitutes reliable evidence. The research will investigate global criminal forensic genetics as an emerging citizenship formation with interconnected local, national, and transnational influences and implications. The research will take place in South Africa, a middle-income country that has just begun to implement a new law that creates an expansive national criminal DNA database for which the national police force will have primary responsibility. The project will use ethnographic methodologies to consider how a cross-section of people from diverse social and political backgrounds who have different forms of expertise and different ideas about the meaning of science and justice are brought together through their roles in enacting South Africa's investment in forensic genetics. The project will include police, forensic laboratories, courtrooms, and NGOs and private companies that contribute to forensic genetics training and advocacy. South Africa is an ideal case study because their national investment in genomics for law enforcement is new and actively taking place throughout the research period. South Africa's current investments raise important questions about the global scope and scale, and the local specificity and variation, of intersections between genomics and law. This research therefore offers an actively emerging view into how DNA comes to matter in new ways as it moves out of research laboratories and into a broader public sphere.

基因组学对法律和警务越来越重要，全世界各国刑事DNA数据库的激增就是证明。新的国家犯罪DNA数据库曾经仅限于高收入国家，现在正在中等收入国家普及，低收入国家也开始建立。但是DNA数据库需要基础设施资源和专业知识来实施和维护。在这些条件下，以能力挑战和稀缺条件为特征的地方如何建立和运行DNA数据库，以及他们的战略如何为这一现象的全球未来提供信息？DNA如何转变为在国家法律的背景下和国际安全努力中可靠和有用的东西，以及科学和公民身份如何生活和体验的后果是什么？这个研究项目将通过调查基因组学和法律之间的交叉点、相关的基础设施投资以及必须共同努力将基因数据转化为法律上可辨认的证据的人们的网络来解决这些问题。俄亥俄州州立大学的诺亚·塔马金博士，探讨了如何在刑法中使用基因技术可能会改变经验和形式的公民身份，以及社会和文化的理解，科学和什么构成可靠的证据。该研究将调查全球刑事法医遗传学作为一种新兴的公民身份形成，具有相互关联的地方，国家和跨国影响和影响。这项研究将在南非进行，南非是一个中等收入国家，刚刚开始实施一项新的法律，建立一个庞大的国家犯罪DNA数据库，国家警察部队将对此承担主要责任。该项目将使用人种学方法，考虑如何通过发挥作用，将来自不同社会和政治背景、对科学和正义的意义具有不同形式的专门知识和不同想法的各阶层人士聚集在一起，推动南非对法医遗传学的投资。该项目将包括警察、法医实验室、法庭、非政府组织和私营公司，以促进法医遗传学培训和宣传。南非是一个理想的案例研究，因为他们在执法基因组学方面的国家投资是新的，并且在整个研究期间都在积极进行。南非目前的投资提出了关于基因组学和法律之间交叉的全球范围和规模以及地方特异性和变化的重要问题。因此，这项研究提供了一个积极的新兴观点，即DNA如何以新的方式变得重要，因为它走出了研究实验室，进入了更广泛的公共领域。