Collaborative Research: Characterizing the Galilean satellite (sub)surfaces from radio observations

合作研究：通过无线电观测表征伽利略卫星（次）表面

• 批准号: 2308280
• 负责人: Katherine de Kleer
• 金额: $ 40.34万
• 依托单位: California Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-01 至 2026-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2308280&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Characterizing; Galilean; satellite

The four Galilean moons of Jupiter – Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto – together provide a laboratory for studying what effect internal vs. external factors have on the surfaces we see today on Solar System moons. This project will characterize the surfaces of the four Galilean satellites using observations from telescopes operating at radio wavelengths. Observing all targets in the same way allows for a direct comparison between them. This shows how the unique characteristics of each moon, such as Ganymede’s magnetic field or Io’s high internal heating, affect its surface. The program will also develop workshops to train students in effective public communication and the creation of outreach content. This training will enable the students to showcase their own PhD topics at public science events. This project will characterize the thermophysical surface properties of the four Galilean satellites and how they vary across these satellites’ surfaces, constraining hemisphere-scale variations and identifying and interpreting localized thermal anomalies. The galilean moons present a range of internal heat flows, from the powerful tidal heating and volcanism of Io through the cratered, inactive surface of Callisto, and correspondingly hold records of different time periods in their surface features. The project will make use of multi-wavelength datasets (microns to centimeters, with an emphasis on recent ALMA and VLA data) in order to provide views of the surface at a range of depths down to half a meter. By applying sophisticated thermophysical models to spatially resolved data, the project can isolate specific latitudes, longitudes, and geological terrains and investigate how material properties (and potentially heat flow) correlate with surface location and terrain type. The resultant 3D (latitude, longitude, depth) maps of temperature and density will aid in the interpretation of the processes at work on these moons both locally and globally. The results of this study are timely because early JWST data, as well as upcoming data from the NASA Europa Clipper and ESA JUICE missions, will provide views of the galilean satellite surfaces at complementary thermal wavelengths.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

木星的四颗伽利略卫星——木卫一、木卫二、木卫三和木卫四——一起提供了一个实验室，用于研究内部和外部因素对我们今天在太阳系卫星上看到的表面的影响。该项目将利用射电波长望远镜的观测来描绘四颗伽利略卫星的表面特征。以同样的方式观察所有目标，可以在它们之间进行直接比较。这显示了每个卫星的独特特征，如木卫三的磁场或木卫一的高内部加热，是如何影响其表面的。该项目还将举办讲习班，培训学生进行有效的公共沟通和创作外联内容。该培训将使学生能够在公共科学活动中展示自己的博士课题。该项目将描述四颗伽利略卫星的热物理表面特性，以及它们如何在这些卫星表面上变化，限制半球尺度的变化，并识别和解释局部热异常。伽利略的卫星呈现出一系列的内部热流，从木卫一强大的潮汐加热和火山作用到木卫四坑坑洼洼、不活跃的表面，相应地，它们的表面特征也记录了不同时期的情况。该项目将利用多波长数据集（微米到厘米，重点是最近的ALMA和VLA数据），以提供半米深度范围内的表面视图。通过将复杂的热物理模型应用于空间分辨率数据，该项目可以隔离特定的纬度、经度和地质地形，并研究材料特性（以及潜在的热流）如何与地表位置和地形类型相关。由此产生的三维（纬度、经度、深度）温度和密度图将有助于解释这些卫星在局部和全球范围内的运行过程。这项研究的结果是及时的，因为早期的JWST数据，以及即将到来的来自NASA欧罗巴快船和ESA JUICE任务的数据，将提供伽利略卫星表面互补热波长的视图。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。