TDYNO: Fluctuation Dynamo, Heat Transport, and Ion Acceleration in Magnetized Turbulence

该奖项支持使用模拟和高功率激光设备对天体物理等离子体湍流进行的实验室研究。磁化等离子体湍流，即星系团湍流物质中磁场的随机扭曲和纠缠，是目前解释宇宙磁场的最佳工作假说。理论上，随机磁场负责调节星系团核心的热传导；而磁化的湍流在宇宙射线的传输和激发中起着关键作用。高功率激光和高性能计算的出现从根本上改变了研究这些过程的方式，使在实验室中重建与天体物理相关的磁化等离子体并对其建模的新机会成为可能。TDYNO(湍流发电机)合作，由罗切斯特大学和牛津大学共同领导，并得到该奖项的支持，正在研究磁化湍流的基本特性及其通过结合使用闪光代码的高保真数值模拟和世界级激光设备上的激光驱动实验来调节的天体物理过程。该项目建立在TDYNO合作的最新成果的基础上，并使激光驱动的新型实验室天体物理实验得以设计、执行和解释，这些实验由激光能量实验室的欧米茄激光设备、劳伦斯·利弗莫尔国家实验室的国家点火设备(NIF)和GSI Helmholtz重离子研究中心进行。这些实验利用了成熟而多功能的TDYNO实验平台，该平台将通过闪光设计模拟来(1)回答与磁化湍流和湍流发电机(Omega)的开始和衰变相关的基本问题，(2)测量和支撑热在强磁化湍流等离子体(NIF)中的传输，以及(3)表征离子在随机磁场(GSI)中的带电机制。通过这样做，该项目为美国国家科学基金会的“宇宙之窗：多信使天体物理时代”计划的目标做出了贡献。该项目支持等离子体物理学和天体物理界广泛关注的研究项目，并为罗切斯特大学和牛津大学的几名研究生和博士后学者提供独特的培训机会。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This award supports a laboratory-based study of astrophysical plasma turbulence using simulations and high power laser facilities. Magnetized plasma turbulence, the stochastic twisting and tangling of magnetic fields in the turbulent matter of galaxy clusters, is currently the best working hypothesis to account for cosmic magnetic fields. Stochastic magnetic fields are theorized to be responsible for regulating heat conduction in galaxy cluster cores; and magnetized turbulence plays a key role in the transport and energization of cosmic rays. The emergence of high-power lasers and high performance computing have radically changed the way these processes can be studied, enabling new opportunities to recreate and model astrophysically relevant magnetized plasmas in the laboratory. The TDYNO (turbulent dynamo) collaboration, co-led by the University of Rochester and the University of Oxford and supported by this award, is studying the fundamental properties of magnetized turbulence and the astrophysical processes it mediates through a combination of high-fidelity numerical simulations with the FLASH code and laser-driven experiments at world-class laser facilities.This project builds on the recent achievements of the TDYNO collaboration and enables the design, execution, and interpretation of novel laser-driven laboratory astrophysics experiments at the Omega Laser Facility at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics, the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research. The experiments exploit the mature and versatile TDYNO experimental platform, which will be tailored through FLASH design simulations to (1) answer fundamental questions pertinent to the onset and decay of magnetized turbulence and turbulent dynamo (Omega), (2) measure and bracket how heat is transported in strongly magnetized turbulent plasmas (NIF), and (3) characterize the mechanisms behind the energization of ions in stochastic magnetic fields (GSI). In doing so, the project contributes to the goals of NSF's "Windows on the Universe: The Era of Multi-Messenger Astrophysics" program. The project supports research thrusts that are of broad interest to the plasma physics and astrophysics communities and provides unique training opportunities to several graduate students and postdoctoral scholars at the University of Rochester and the University of Oxford.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.