Collaborative Research: Cosmic Explorer Optical Design

合作研究：宇宙探索者光学设计

• 批准号: 2309267
• 负责人: Lisa Barsotti
• 金额: $ 17.23万
• 依托单位: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-15 至 2026-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2309267&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Cosmic; Explorer; Optical

The US has played a leading role in the global effort toward the observation of gravitational waves for several decades, resulting in the Nobel Physics Prize in 2017 for the first detection of waves from a binary black hole merger by the Advanced LIGO detectors, and many more astrophysical revelations since. Cosmic Explorer is the means by which the US will maintain that leadership in the decades to come. The Cosmic Explorer concept for a next-generation gravitational wave observatory seeks to answer fundamental questions about our universe such as: How did black holes form throughout cosmic time? What is the physics of extreme matter? What is the true nature of strong gravity? This project supports the conceptual design of the laser interferometers that will enable the Cosmic Explorer gravitational wave detectors to achieve cosmological range and exquisite fidelity in their observations. The team assembled for this award brings to bear decades of relevant experience and will build on the lessons learned from Advanced LIGO, leveraging legacy and novel concepts and technologies to produce a robust conceptual optical design. In the process of producing this optical design, the award will also serve to develop the workforce that will be essential for completing the further stages of design, installation and commissioning of the Cosmic Explorer detectors. By putting Cosmic Explorer more firmly on the path to actualization, this award will ensure that gravitational wave science continues inspiring young scientists across the country to fulfill their potential as the world-leading researchers of the future.At the heart of the Cosmic Explorer concept are 40-km and 20-km laser interferometers operating with unprecedented strain sensitivity, an order of magnitude greater than that of Advanced LIGO. The improved sensitivity is primarily afforded by the increase in scale, as opposed to the implementation of as-yet unverified technological advancements, thereby reducing technical risk. Nonetheless, the increase in scale itself presents unique challenges for the optical design of the Cosmic Explorer interferometers, such as decreased frequency spacing of parasitic optical modes, control band-width limitations due to the cavity delay, and tighter noise requirements for auxiliary degrees of freedom at low frequencies. Moreover, with the design of an entirely new facility comes the opportunity to develop the optical layout and the infrastructure in parallel, minimizing facility constraints impact on instrument performance, and therefore the achievable science. The work supported by this award will produce a parametric conceptual optical design for the Cosmic Explorer interferometers, informing all other detector subsystem requirements, ahead of a conceptual design review anticipated to take place roughly five years from the award start date. The optical design has been divided into four main work-packages, each led by one of the four collaborating institutions: Core Interferometer, Interferometer Sensing and Control, Laser Stabilization and Lock Acquisition, and Readout and Quantum Enhancement. The tasks contained within these work packages will be addressed using a range of analytical and numerical simulation techniques and will be coordinated with the broader Cosmic Explorer conceptual design through the Cosmic Explorer Systems Team.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

几十年来，美国在全球观察引力波的努力中发挥了领导作用，导致2017年诺贝尔物理奖是因为先进的Ligo探测器首次从二进制黑洞合并中检测到波浪，此后进行了更多的天体物理启示。宇宙探险家是美国在未来几十年中保持领导能力的方式。下一代引力浪潮天文台的宇宙探险家概念试图回答有关我们宇宙的基本问题，例如：整个宇宙时期的黑洞如何形成？极端物理的物理学是什么？强力的真实本质是什么？该项目支持激光干涉仪的概念设计，该设计将使宇宙探险者重力波检测器在观察结果中实现宇宙学范围和精致的保真度。为此奖项组成的团队带来了数十年的相关经验，并将基于从先进的Ligo中学到的教训，利用旧版以及新颖的概念和技术来生产强大的概念光学设计。在生产这种光学设计的过程中，该奖项还将有助于开发劳动力，这对于完成宇宙探险者探测器的设计，安装和调试的进一步阶段至关重要。通过将宇宙探险家更加牢固地置于实现的道路上，该奖项将确保引力科学在全国范围内启发着年轻的科学家，以实现他们作为未来世界领先的研究人员的潜力。宇宙探险者概念的核心是40公里和20公里的激光干涉仪，与未经预见的良好的良好态度相比，曾经有未预见的命令。提高的敏感性主要由规模的提高提供，而不是实施尚未验证的技术进步，从而降低了技术风险。尽管如此，规模本身的增加对宇宙资源管理器干涉仪的光学设计构成了独特的挑战，例如寄生光学模式的频率间距降低，由于空腔延迟而导致的控制带宽度的限制以及在低频下自由度的辅助噪声要求更严格。此外，随着一个全新设施的设计，有机会并行开发光学布局和基础架构，最大程度地减少设施约束对仪器性能的影响，从而影响了可实现的科学。该奖项支持的工作将为宇宙资源管理器干涉仪生成参数概念的光学设计，并在概念设计评论预期之前将从奖励开始日期开始大约五年之前，告知所有其他检测器子系统的要求。光学设计已分为四个主要的工作包，每个工作包由四个协作机构之一领导：核心干涉仪，干涉仪感应和控制，激光稳定和锁定习得，以及读数和量子增强。这些工作包中包含的任务将使用一系列的分析和数值模拟技术来解决，并将通过宇宙资源管理器系统团队与更广泛的宇宙资源管理器概念设计进行协调。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的知识优点和广泛的crietia crietia crietia crietia crietia crietia crietia criteria crietia criteria criteria crietia criteria criteria criteria criteria criteria criteria criteria criteria均值得通过评估。