Collaborative Research: WoU-MMA: Askaryan Radio Array: A World-Class, Forward-Looking, and Dynamic Neutrino Astrophysics Observatory From 100 PeV

该奖项为继续在南极进行阿斯基恩无线电阵列(ARA)实验提供资金。ARA由五个嵌入冰层深达200米的天线组成，旨在探测中微子在冰层中相互作用发出的无线电“阿斯基恩”辐射。ARA的数据集是世界上对来自天体物理来源的超高能中微子最敏感的数据集。ARA有可能首次发现超高能中微子，这是回答高能宇宙射线起源这一百年问题的关键。该奖项还为下一代电子学的开发提供资金，这将使ARA观察到的冰的复杂属性所带来的各种特征中的任何一种能够识别无线电发射。该奖项还为ARA更广泛的Impact活动提供资金。ARA将继续吸引中学生、本科生和研究生参与其尖端研究。该奖项用于ASNITAN无线电阵列(ARA)的持续操作和数据采集，ARA是一项中微子天体物理实验，具有世界领先的超高能(UHE，10^17 eV)中微子的灵敏度，预计来自天体物理源和宇宙射线诱导的宇宙生成相互作用。ARA有可能在这个奖项的期限内首次发现UHE中微子，这将是有史以来观测到的最高能量的中微子，提供了在这个能量体系中宇宙距离的第一次一瞥，并且是第一次观察到比大型强子对撞机产生的质量中心能量更高的相互作用。该奖项还将支持新的ARA-NEXT触发系统的开发，这是一种基于最先进的射频芯片系统(RFSoC)的多通道触发系统。ARA-NEXT将提高ARA对来自中微子相互作用的独特无线电辐射特征的敏感性，这些特征是基于ARA对南极冰中无线电脉冲的测量而预期的。该奖项还为ARA更广泛的Impact活动提供资金。ARA将继续吸引中学生、本科生和研究生参与其尖端研究。此外，ARA将开发一个新的IceCube大师班计划，在该计划中，高中生将通过识别与ARA-Next相同的签名来学习识别UHE中微子的签名。该计划将为那些将自己作为本科生为ARA研究做出贡献的学生提供一个渠道。该奖项与NSF关于宇宙之窗的大想法：多信使天体物理学时代保持一致，因为它协调了多信使观测的使用，利用可能来自宇宙中最高能量宇宙粒子来源的潜在最高能量中微子。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This award funds the continued operation of the Askaryan Radio Array (ARA) experiment at the South Pole. ARA consists of five stations of antennas embedded up to 200m deep in the ice that are designed to detect radio “Askaryan” emission from neutrinos interacting in the ice. ARA’s dataset is the world’s most sensitive to ultra-high energy neutrinos from astrophysical sources. ARA has the potential to make a first discovery of UHE neutrinos, which are key to answering the century-old question of the origin of high energy cosmic rays. This award also funds the development of next-generation electronics, which will enable the identification of the radio emission with any of the variety of signatures brought about by complex properties of the ice that have been observed by ARA. This award also funds ARA’s broader impacts activities. ARA will continue to engage secondary-school, undergraduate, and graduate students in its cutting-edge research.This award funds continued operations and data taking for the Askaryan Radio Array (ARA), a neutrino astrophysics experiment with world-leading sensitivity to ultra-high energy (UHE, 10^17 eV) neutrinos expected from astrophysical sources and cosmic-ray induced cosmogenic interactions. ARA has the potential to make a first discovery of UHE neutrinos over the term of this award, which would be the highest energy neutrinos ever observed, provide a first glimpse of the universe at cosmic distances in this energy regime, and be the first observation of interactions at higher center-of-mass energies than those produced the LHC. This award will also enable the development of the new ARA-Next triggering system, a multi-channel triggering system based on the state-of-the-art Radio Frequency System on a Chip (RFSoC). ARA-Next would increase ARA’s sensitivity to unique signatures of radio emission from neutrino interactions that are expected based on ARA’s measurements of radio impulses in the South Pole ice. This award also funds ARA’s broader impacts activities. ARA will continue to engage secondary-school, undergraduate, and graduate students in its cutting-edge research. In addition, ARA will develop a new IceCube Masterclass program where high school students will learn about identifying signatures of UHE neutrinos by identifying the same signatures as ARA-Next. The program will serve as a pipeline for students who will themselves contribute to ARA research as undergraduates.The award is aligned with the NSF Big Idea of Windows on the Universe: the Era of Multi-messenger Astrophysics as it coordinates the use of multi-messenger observations utilizing potentially the highest energy neutrinos ever detected which might arise from the universe's highest energy cosmic sources of particles.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.