Collaborative Research: WoU-MMA: Ultrahigh Energy Neutrinos with the Radio Neutrino Observatory in Greenland

超高能中微子是独特的天体物理信使，因为它们与介入物质的相互作用很弱，因此可以用来探测整个宇宙的高能量源和极端条件，并在超出标准模型的能量下测试物理。在该奖项的支持下，PIs将扩大目前在格陵兰岛运行的射电中微子天文台（RNO-G），以观测最高能量的中微子。当与光子、宇宙射线和引力波等其他信使的观测相结合时，用RNO-G观测到的中微子可以进一步促进我们对宇宙中最强大的宇宙射线加速器和爆炸事件的理解。该奖项将通过这项研究以及专门的学生研讨会和活动，吸引来自多信使天体物理学广泛背景的人们。该奖项针对NSF“宇宙之窗”大构想的优先领域。RNO-G的设计经过优化，可以使用模块站作为自己的独立实验来搜索极地冰中中微子相互作用产生的射电闪光。由于整个阵列的巨大占地面积，RNO-G将具有前所未有的灵敏度，并将成为第一个可以看到北方天空的超高能量中微子天文台。这个为期两年的项目将继续建设RNO-G阵列，超出目前在格陵兰岛安装和运行的七个站点。支持小组将提高钻井的可靠性和效率，以便更快地在冰面上安装站点。他们将建造和安装仪器，并对这些站点进行调试。他们将研究无线电波在冰中的传播，这对仪器的精确建模至关重要。他们将以科学数据采集模式操作RNO-G站，并研究仪器的性能。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Ultra-high-energy neutrinos are unique astrophysical messengers as they interact only weakly with intervening matter and can therefore be used to probe high energy sources and extreme conditions throughout the universe, and to test physics at energies beyond the standard models. With support from this award, the PIs will expand the currently operating Radio Neutrino Observatory in Greenland (RNO-G) to enable observations of the highest-energy neutrinos. When combined with observations from other messengers like photons, cosmic rays, and gravitational waves, observations of neutrinos made with RNO-G can further advance our understanding of the most powerful cosmic ray accelerators and explosive events in the universe. This award will engage people from a broad range of backgrounds in multi-messenger astrophysics through this research and through dedicated student workshops and activities. This award addresses the priority areas of NSF's "Windows on the Universe" Big Idea. RNO-G’s design is optimized to search for the radio flash generated by neutrino interactions in polar ice using modular stations that act as their own independent experiments. With the large footprint of the full array, RNO-G will have an unprecedented sensitivity and will be the first ultra-high energy neutrino observatory with a view of the Northern sky. This two-year program will continue to build the RNO-G array beyond the seven stations currently installed and operating in Greenland. The supported groups will improve the drill reliability and efficiency to more rapidly install stations in the ice. They will construct and install the instrumentation and commission the stations. They will study radio wave propagation in ice, crucial for accurate modeling of the instrument. They will operate the RNO-G stations in science data-taking mode and study the performance of the instrument.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.