Collaborative Research: Mechanisms driving positive and negative tree-fungal feedbacks across an abiotic-stress gradient

合作研究：在非生物胁迫梯度上驱动正负树真菌反馈的机制

• 批准号: 2310101
• 负责人: Frank Jones
• 金额: $ 36万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-06-01 至 2027-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2310101&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Mechanisms; driving; positive

Understanding how species interactions affect biological diversity has long been of interest to ecologists. Ecological theory and observations have shown that negative interactions between adult trees and seedlings of the same species stabilize populations, prevent local extinction, and maintain biological diversity. Alternatively, adult trees can increase the growth and survival of younger seedlings of the same species, particularly in stressful environments, which in turn can lead to lower levels of biological diversity. However, the role of pathogens and mutualists in mediating these interactions and giving rise to variation in plant diversity across environmental gradients remains unknown. This research funds a collaboration between plant and fungal population and community ecologists to uncover the role of positive and negative above and below ground plant-microbial interactions in the maintenance of species diversity. It will further explore how changes in environmental stress might impact tree diversity in forest ecosystems. This research will inform and engage local and regional land managers and stakeholders of the role of above and below ground mutualists in the growth and survival of key tree species in the Pacific Northwest.As the global climate shifts, research into how populations and communities adapt to environmental changes has become increasingly critical. Microbes and their interactions with plants, both positive and negative, play a underexamined role in determining species distributions, abundances, and their expected responses to climate-induced stress. As a result, we lack a comprehensive understanding of how microbially mediated interactions, and in particular above and below ground conspecific feedbacks within and among plant species, change in their strength and direction across environmental stress gradients. The research funded by this award will investigate how fungal symbionts contribute to tree species abundance, distribution, and diversity along stress gradients, both directly and indirectly, by influencing density-dependent interactions and feedbacks among adult and juvenile trees. Researchers will test the hypothesis that the net effect of fungal symbionts on plant performance is correlated with the level of abiotic drought and nutrient stress in the environment, with conspecific feedback shifting from negative to positive as abiotic stress increases. First, in a field experiment at the HJ Andrews Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) site, investigators will reciprocally transplant three focal tree species beneath the canopies of adult conspecific or heterospecific trees along natural moisture and soil-nutrient stress gradients, manipulating fungal mutualists to evaluate their effect on conspecific density-dependent feedback. In greenhouse experiments, trees, microbes, and soil nutrient and drought stress will be manipulated. Finally, this project will integrate host-symbiont dynamics into regional models of forest community dynamics to assess how tree population/community dynamics might be altered under conditions of abiotic stress. Overall, the proposed work will test multiple hypotheses regarding how fungal symbionts contribute to the direction and strength of feedback for dominant tree species in forests of the Pacific Northwest.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

了解物种相互作用如何影响生物多样性一直是生态学家感兴趣的问题。生态学理论和观察表明，相同物种的成年树木和苗木之间的负相互作用稳定了种群，防止了局部灭绝，并维持了生物多样性。或者，成年树木可以增加同一物种幼树的生长和存活，特别是在压力大的环境中，这反过来可能导致生物多样性水平较低。然而，病原体和互助体在调节这些相互作用和引起不同环境梯度的植物多样性变化中的作用仍不清楚。这项研究资助了植物和真菌种群与群落生态学家之间的合作，以揭示地上和地下植物-微生物正、负相互作用在维持物种多样性中的作用。它将进一步探讨环境压力的变化可能如何影响森林生态系统中的树木多样性。这项研究将使当地和区域土地管理者和利益攸关方了解地上和地下互助者在太平洋西北部关键树种的生长和生存中的作用。随着全球气候的变化，关于人口和社区如何适应环境变化的研究变得越来越重要。微生物及其与植物的相互作用，无论是正面的还是负面的，在决定物种分布、丰度和它们对气候诱导胁迫的预期反应方面发挥的作用都没有得到充分研究。因此，我们缺乏对微生物介导的相互作用，特别是植物物种内部和之间的地上和地下同种反馈如何在环境胁迫梯度上改变其强度和方向的全面了解。这项由该奖项资助的研究将调查真菌共生体如何通过影响成年树和幼树之间依赖密度的相互作用和反馈，直接或间接地促进树种的丰富度、分布和多样性。研究人员将测试这一假设，即真菌共生体对植物表现的净影响与环境中非生物干旱和营养胁迫的水平相关，随着非生物胁迫的增加，同种反馈从负向正转变。首先，在HJ Andrews长期生态研究(LTER)现场的一项田间实验中，研究人员将沿着自然水分和土壤养分胁迫梯度，将三种重点树种相互移植到成年同种或异种树的树冠下，操纵真菌互助体来评估它们对同种密度依赖的反馈的影响。在温室实验中，将对树木、微生物、土壤养分和干旱胁迫进行操纵。最后，该项目将把寄主-共生体动力学整合到森林群落动态的区域模型中，以评估在非生物胁迫条件下树木种群/群落动态可能发生的变化。总体而言，拟议的工作将测试关于真菌共生体如何为太平洋西北地区森林中的优势树种提供反馈的方向和强度的多个假设。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。