Collaborative Research: Laboratory and Modeling Studies to Resolve a Grand Challenge for Upper Atmospheric Science

合作研究：实验室和模型研究解决高层大气科学的巨大挑战

• 批准号: 2312191
• 负责人: Konstantinos Kalogerakis
• 金额: $ 55.93万
• 依托单位: SRI International
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-01 至 2026-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2312191&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Laboratory; Modeling; Studies

This collaborative project will exploit the synergy of space-based observations, atmospheric modeling, and laser-based laboratory experiments to resolve the origins of the CO2 15-um emission. It aims to provide a better quantification of upper atmospheric radiative cooling by IR emissions through multi-disciplinary research and educational activities that promote a broader appreciation of the complexity of thermal energy balance in planetary atmospheres. The project will enable improved determination of atmospheric temperature profile retrievals from satellite observations of the CO2 15-um emission and advance our understanding of radiative balance in the atmospheres of Earth, Mars, and Venus. The work has the potential to add new knowledge to the radiative energetics of the MLT and address the long-standing question of CO2 15-um excitation and deexcitation processes. It will also advance new knowledge relevant to other research areas such as molecular energy transfer, chemical lasers, extrasolar planetary atmospheres, the extreme environments in the shock waves generated during space vehicle reentry, as well as chemical reaction dynamics and kinetics. The results of this research benefit modelers of planetary atmospheres within and beyond our solar system, theoreticians, and experimentalists, and enhance the scientific returns of ground- and space-based remote sensing observations. This project will also contribute to the education and formative research experiences of a Ph.D. graduate student and one or more postdoctoral fellows and summer undergraduate students.The most important process controlling the population of CO2(nu-2) is assumed to be its excitation and relaxation in collisions of CO2 with thermalized atomic oxygen in its ground state, O(3P). This process is poorly understood despite numerous studies over the past several decades. There are telltale signs of a major fundamental deficiency in our understanding of the underlying processes. This collaborative research effort combines (1) analysis of ground- and space-based observations to quantify previously unrecognized sources of the CO2 15-µm emission, (2) laser-based laboratory experimental studies of the O + CO2 interaction, and (3) state-of-the-art, non-LTE atmospheric modeling calculations to reevaluate the global thermal balance of the MLT in the 15-µm CO2 band. The team will conduct laboratory studies of O + CO2 collisions to 1) measure the rate constant for relaxation of the CO2(010) vibrational level by O atoms, 2) determine its temperature dependence from 150 K to 600 K, 3) investigate the collision energy dependence of CO2 vibrational excitation in collisions with O atoms, and 4) characterize the concentration of O atoms in the interaction region and their diffusion out of the observation volume. They will also perform observation analysis of SABER and LIDAR data, theory, and Non-LTE modeling studies of O + CO2 Collisions.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该合作项目将利用天基观测、大气建模和基于激光的实验室实验的协同作用来解决CO2 15-um排放的起源。 其目的是通过多学科研究和教育活动，更好地量化高层大气的红外辐射冷却，促进更广泛地了解行星大气中热能平衡的复杂性。该项目将能够改善大气温度剖面反演的卫星观测的CO2 15微米排放量的确定和推进我们的地球，火星和金星的大气中的辐射平衡的理解。这项工作有可能增加新的知识的MLT的辐射能量学和解决长期存在的问题的CO2 15微米的激发和去激发过程。 它还将促进与其他研究领域有关的新知识，如分子能量转移、化学激光、太阳系外行星大气层、航天器重返大气层时产生的冲击波中的极端环境以及化学反应动力学和动力学。 这项研究的结果有利于我们太阳系内外行星大气的建模者，理论家和实验家，并提高了地面和空间遥感观测的科学回报。该项目还将有助于博士的教育和形成性研究经验。研究生和一个或多个博士后研究员和暑期本科生。控制CO2（nu-2）布居的最重要过程被认为是CO2与处于基态的热化原子氧O（3 P）碰撞中的激发和弛豫。尽管在过去几十年中进行了许多研究，但对这一过程的了解甚少。 有迹象表明，我们对潜在过程的理解存在重大的根本性缺陷。这项合作研究工作结合了（1）地面和空间观测分析，以量化以前未识别的CO2 15 μm排放源，（2）基于激光的实验室实验研究O + CO2相互作用，以及（3）最先进的非LTE大气建模计算，以重新评估MLT在15 μm CO2波段的全球热平衡。该团队将进行O + CO2碰撞的实验室研究，以1）测量O原子对CO2（010）振动能级的弛豫速率常数，2）确定其在150 K至600 K之间的温度依赖性，3）研究CO2与O原子碰撞中振动激发的碰撞能量依赖性，以及4）表征相互作用区域中O原子的浓度以及它们向观察体积外的扩散。他们还将对SABER和LIDAR数据、理论和O + CO2碰撞的非LTE建模研究进行观测分析。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。