BRC-BIO: Evolutionary Patterns of Ice-Binding Proteins in North Pacific Intertidal Invertebrates

BRC-BIO:北太平洋潮间带无脊椎动物冰结合蛋白的进化模式

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    2312378
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 49.85万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2023-07-01 至 2026-06-30
  • 项目状态:
    未结题

项目摘要

Animals living in polar regions must survive freezing conditions for several months of the year. Freezing water, specifically ice crystals, can damage soft tissues and kill organisms that are not adapted to freezing conditions. Several species – from fish to beetles to bacteria – have developed physiological mechanisms to withstand freezing conditions, most notably by producing proteins that bind to ice, some of which are called ‘antifreeze’ proteins. Just as antifreeze solution in a car lowers the freezing point of water, antifreeze proteins protect organisms’ tissues from damaging ice crystals. Little is known about these proteins in marine invertebrates such as sea stars, which are important predators in intertidal habitats. Recent genetic evidence suggests sea stars may produce new forms of these proteins. This study will investigate the genetic mechanisms behind intertidal sea stars’ ability to produce proteins to survive in sub-freezing water in Alaska and how protein production varies by season and temperature. Understanding the function of these proteins and the environmental conditions that trigger their production will allow researchers to make predictions on how sea stars will adapt to extreme climatic events. The results from this work may aid the growing mariculture industry for invertebrates such as sea cucumbers and urchins, which are close relatives of sea stars. Furthermore, if sea stars produce novel proteins, their discovery may lead to innovations in biomedical cryopreservation and commercial agriculture. This project will create opportunities for undergraduates, particularly Alaska Natives, to learn professional skills in STEM through mentoring, research, workshops and professional development.Intertidal invertebrates in polar regions overcome unique environmental challenges compared to their pelagic (open water) and benthic (deep sea) counterparts, including large daily winter temperature fluctuations. Freezing conditions can lead to lethal cellular damage through the formation of ice crystals on soft tissues. Many cold-adapted ectothermic organisms have evolved mechanisms to prevent damage from cold by producing ice-binding proteins (IBPs). IBPs bind to ice crystal planes and have a variety of functions, from ice recrystallization and growth inhibition (antifreeze) to the controlled formation (nucleation) of ice. Recent evidence offers potential for discovering novel IBPs in marine invertebrates. The objective of this project is to describe the extent to which IBP production exists and is environmentally correlated across select lineages of intertidal invertebrates that primarily inhabit the Arctic and subarctic. The project will combine freezing assays with genome and transcriptome sequencing to characterize the evolution of IBPs in several lineages of intertidal invertebrates to determine ice-binding activity in one clade of intertidal invertebrates (Echinodermata) inhabiting the North Pacific, identify the class of IBPs and functional gene regions in two lineages of echinoderm sea stars predicted to exhibit ice-binding activity and cold tolerance, and quantify IBP production (gene expression) in sea stars across seasons and temperature gradients. The research will address a major gap in the field of cold-water adaptation by quantifying ice-binding activity in dozens of intertidal species.This project is jointly funded by the Directorate for the Biological Sciences and the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
生活在极地地区的动物必须在一年中的几个月的寒冷环境中生存下来。冰冻的水,特别是冰晶,会损害软组织,杀死不适应冰冻条件的生物。从鱼类到甲虫再到细菌,有几种物种已经发展出了抵御冰冻条件的生理机制,最引人注目的是通过产生与冰结合的蛋白质,其中一些被称为“防冻”蛋白质。就像汽车中的防冻液降低水的冰点一样,防冻蛋白质保护生物体的组织免受冰晶的破坏。对海星等海洋无脊椎动物中的这些蛋白质知之甚少,海星是潮间带栖息地的重要捕食者。最近的遗传证据表明,海星可能会产生这些蛋白质的新形式。这项研究将调查潮间带海星产生蛋白质在阿拉斯加冰点以下的水中生存的能力背后的遗传机制,以及蛋白质的产生如何随季节和温度而变化。了解这些蛋白质的功能以及触发其产生的环境条件将使研究人员能够预测海星如何适应极端气候事件。这项工作的结果可能有助于不断增长的无脊椎动物(如海参和海胆)的海水养殖业,它们是海星的近亲。此外,如果海星产生新的蛋白质,它们的发现可能会导致生物医学冷冻保存和商业农业的创新。该项目将为本科生,特别是阿拉斯加原住民创造机会,通过指导,研究,研讨会和专业发展学习STEM专业技能。极地地区的潮间带无脊椎动物克服了与远洋(开放水域)和底栖(深海)同行相比独特的环境挑战,包括每日冬季温度的大幅波动。冷冻条件可通过在软组织上形成冰晶而导致致命的细胞损伤。许多适应寒冷的外温生物已经进化出通过产生冰结合蛋白(IBP)来防止寒冷伤害的机制。IBPs与冰晶面结合,具有多种功能,从冰的重结晶和生长抑制(防冻剂)到冰的受控形成(成核)。最近的证据为在海洋无脊椎动物中发现新的IBPs提供了可能。本项目的目的是描述IBP生产存在的程度,并在选择的主要居住在北极和亚北极的潮间带无脊椎动物谱系之间的环境相关性。该项目将联合收割机冷冻分析与基因组和转录组测序相结合,以表征潮间带无脊椎动物几个谱系中IBPs的进化,以确定潮间带无脊椎动物一个进化支中的冰结合活性(棘皮动物)居住在北太平洋,确定类的IBP和功能基因区的两个谱系棘皮动物海星预测表现出冰结合活性和耐寒性,和量化IBP生产(基因表达)在海星跨季节和温度梯度。该研究将通过量化数十种潮间带物种的冰结合活动来解决冷水适应领域的一个主要空白。该项目由生物科学理事会和刺激竞争研究的既定计划(EPSCoR)共同资助。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命,并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查进行评估,被认为值得支持的搜索.

项目成果

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