Collaborative Research: Active deformation and exhumation at the transition from subduction to oblique collision in Central New Zealand

合作研究：新西兰中部俯冲到斜碰撞过渡过程中的主动变形和折返

• 批准号: 2313490
• 负责人: Colin Amos
• 金额: $ 26.4万
• 依托单位: Western Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-01 至 2026-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2313490&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Active; deformation; exhumation

Earth’s outer shell consists of rigid tectonic plates that interact primarily along their edges. Several factors control these interactions, including the composition of the plates (oceanic versus continental) and the relative sense of motion between them (colliding, diverging, or sliding past one another). These factors combined control the natural hazards expressed along tectonic plate boundaries, including earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, and volcanoes. Because Earth’s tectonic plates are not static, the distribution and character of tectonic plate boundaries change over geologic time. As such, understanding plate-boundary hazards requires a comprehensive view of their evolution in response to changes in plate motions and character. The 2016 M7.8 Kaikōura earthquake in Aotearoa New Zealand occurred at a critical plate tectonic transition zone, where the boundary changes from subduction (oceanic plate consumed beneath continental) to strike slip (sliding parallel to one another) and ultimately continental collision. The extent of deformation and triggered landslides in this event highlight the complex hazards associated with a major plate-boundary transition. This study will shed light on how plate transitions evolve by studying active faults and cooling ages of uplifted bedrock in the area surrounding the 2016 earthquake. Impacts of this study include advancing scientific knowledge and training graduate students, thereby contributing to a globally competitive scientific workforce. The project bolsters domestic and international partnerships by engaging US students in collaborative, international field work, and deepens connections between US and New Zealand researchers. The investigators will develop an international university seminar series focused on exploring bicultural approaches to weaving indigenous knowledge and geoscience research. With New Zealand collaborators and Māori advisors at the University of Canterbury, the investigators will build on their institutional connections to indigenous and minoritized communities to broaden participation of these groups both in the seminar and in geological field research. Finally, this project will enhance research and educational infrastructure by supporting new and existing analytical capacities at Western Washington University and the University of Michigan.This project focuses on the evolution of crustal deformation across a plate-boundary transition from subduction to oblique collision through collection and integration of new neotectonic and low-temperature thermochronologic data in North Canterbury, New Zealand. Specific research tasks include: (1) characterizing the rate and kinematics of shallow faulting for understudied structures surrounding the epicentral region of the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake, (2) measuring differential uplift from incised fluvial surfaces along major rivers transecting fault-related folds in this area, and (3) quantifying the onset, rate, and spatial pattern of bedrock exhumation associated with the transition from subduction to oblique collision. These tasks target existing knowledge gaps related to the mechanics and kinematics of plate boundary migration, and will shed light on outstanding research questions including: How do plate-boundary terminations migrate over time, and what are the fault growth mechanisms through which a new plate-boundary structure develops? Is there a measurable “bow wave” or “wake” attending this migration that impacts crustal deformation and exhumation? What is the role of the subducting slab in controlling deformation at a subduction termination over multiple earthquake cycles?This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

地球的外壳由主要沿其边缘相互作用的刚性构造板组成。几个因素控制着这些相互作用，包括板的组成（海洋与连续），以及它们之间的相对运动感（碰撞，分歧或彼此滑动）。这些因素结合了控制沿构造板块边界的自然危害，包括地震，滑坡，海啸和火山。由于地球的构造板不是静态的，因此在地质时代，构造板边界的分布和特征会发生变化。因此，理解板束危害需要对板块运动和特征变化的响应进行全面的进化。 2016年M7.8新西兰Aotearoa的Kaikōra地震发生在一个关键的板块构造过渡区，那里的边界从俯冲（大陆下方消耗的海洋板）变化，以进行罢工滑移（平行于彼此滑动），并最终连续碰撞。在此事件中，变形和触发滑坡的程度突出了与主要板块边界过渡相关的复杂危害。这项研究将阐明板的过渡如何通过研究2016年地震周围地区的隆起基岩的活跃断层和冷却年龄的发展。这项研究的影响包括促进科学知识和培训研究生，从而为全球竞争激烈的科学劳动力做出了贡献。该项目通过让我们的学生参与协作，国际现场工作，并加深我们与新西兰研究人员之间的联系，以加强国内和国际合作伙伴关系。研究人员将开发一个国际大学的开创性系列，旨在探索双文化方法来编织土著知识和地球科学研究。与坎特伯雷大学的新西兰合作者和毛利顾问一起，调查人员将建立在与土著和少数化社区的机构联系的基础上，以扩大这些群体的参与，以扩大精神探索和地质领域研究。 Finally, this project will enhance research and educational infrastructure by supporting new and existing analytical capacities at Western Washington University and the University of Michigan.This project focuses on the evolution of crustal deformation across a plate-boundary transition from subduction to oblique collision through collection and integration of new neotectonic and low-temperature thermochronologic data in North Canterbury, New Zealand.具体的研究任务包括：（1）表征浅断层的速率和运动学，围绕2016年kaikōra地震层状区域的结构的浅层断层，（2）测量沿着河流沿着主要河流的河流沿融合的河流的差异升高，该区域中与该区域中的交易量相关的层次，（3）与（3）相关的变量，以及（3），（3），（3）型号的速度，以及（3），并与（3）相关的型号，并具有适当的速度，并具有速度，并具有定量的速度，并具有良好的速度，并具有良好的速度，并具有良好的速度，并具有良好的速度，并具有良好的速度，并具有良好的速度，并具有良好的速度。俯冲到倾斜碰撞。这些任务针对与板边界迁移的机制和运动学相关的现有知识差距，并且会阐明出色的研究问题，包括：板型结合终端如何随着时间的流逝而迁移，以及新的板块结构结构发展的断层生长机制是什么？是否有可衡量的“弓箭”或“唤醒”会影响地壳变形和挖掘的迁移？在多个地震周期对俯冲终止中控制变形方面的俯冲板的作用是什么？该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，通过评估被认为是珍贵的支持。