Here Comes a Regular: Effects of Prior Familiarity on Eyewitness Identification

这是一个常规：先前熟悉程度对目击者识别的影响

• 批准号: 2314643
• 负责人: James Lampinen
• 金额: $ 70万
• 依托单位: University of Arkansas
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-05-15 至 2027-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2314643&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Here; Comes; Regular; Effects; Prior

Eyewitness identification plays a crucial role in approximately 80,000 criminal cases per year in the United States. Yet, eyewitness errors sometimes occur, leading to the misidentification of innocent suspects. In many cases, the suspect is unknown to the witness. In other cases, the witness may have some level of prior familiarity with the suspect. It is often assumed that when a witness has prior familiarity with a suspect, that their identification will invariably be accurate. However, recent research has shown that errors can occur even when the witness has prior familiarity with the suspect. The current research seeks to understand when eyewitness identification of familiar suspects is likely to be accurate, and when it may be subject to error. The research tests theory-based hypotheses in both laboratory and field settings to provide results that are likely to be highly generalizable. Both graduate students and undergraduate students will receive training in scientific methodologies and statistics as part of this research. A key part of the research involves collection of data from a diverse participant pool via multiple institutions with greater student diversity. This will also allow training of a diverse group of student research assistants. A series of laboratory and field experiments are proposed to study the impact of prior familiarity on eyewitness identification. The research provides a theoretically motivated framework for understanding familiar face recognition in eyewitness identification settings by specifying factors that occur prior to the witnessed event, as the face is becoming familiar, during the witnessed event, and during the identification task and then systematically undertakes to address these issues. A novel part of the approach is to use the categorization / individuation model to make that case that qualitative aspects of the interaction between the witness and the other individual are likely to be crucial during the familiarization phase. The research also extends basic research from perception to the applied domain of eyewitness identification. An innovative series of field experiments taking place during summer camps for rising university freshmen will provide an opportunity to examine the ecological validity of the results. Findings from this research will provide a clearer picture of when familiar face identification is likely to be reliable and when it is likely to be less reliable and will inform criminal justice practice.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

目击者识别在美国每年约80,000例刑事案件中起着至关重要的作用。 然而，有时会出现目击者错误，导致对无辜嫌疑人的错误识别。 在许多情况下，犯罪嫌疑人是证人不知道的。 在其他情况下，证人可能对犯罪嫌疑人有一定程度的熟悉程度。 通常认为，当证人事先熟悉嫌疑人时，他们的身份总是准确的。但是，最近的研究表明，即使证人事先熟悉犯罪嫌疑人，也可能发生错误。当前的研究试图了解目击者何时识别熟悉的嫌疑人的识别可能是准确的，何时可能会出现错误。研究测试在实验室和现场设置中基于理论的假设提供了可能高度可推广的结果。 作为这项研究的一部分，研究生和本科生都将接受科学方法和统计的培训。研究的关键部分是通过多个学生多样性的机构收集来自不同参与者池的数据。 这还将允许对各种学生研究助理培训。 提出了一系列实验室和现场实验，以研究先前熟悉程度对目击者识别的影响。这项研究提供了一个理论上动机的框架，可以通过指定在见证事件之前发生的因素，在见证事件中，在见证事件中以及在身份识别任务中，然后系统地承担解决这些问题的情况。该方法的一个新部分是使用分类 /个性化模型来使这种情况表明，在熟悉阶段，证人与其他人之间相互作用的定性方面可能至关重要。这项研究还将基础研究从感知扩展到目击者识别的应用领域。在夏季训练营为崛起的大学新生进行的一系列创新的现场实验将提供一个机会来检查结果的生态有效性。这项研究的结果将更清楚地表明何时熟悉的面孔识别可能是可靠的，并且何时可能会降低可靠性，并将为刑事司法实践提供依据。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的审查标准来评估的支持。