IntBIO: Collaborative Research: Phenotypes of the Anthropocene: integrating the consequences of sensory stressors across biological scales

动物对环境压力的反应最终会影响生存和繁殖，有些动物比其他动物更能应对挑战。这项研究考察了人类活动引起的感官污染的生理和行为反应，以预测不同物种的种群脆弱性。该项目将明确联系光和噪音污染对鸟类生理，行为和繁殖成功的影响，这些刺激与其他城市特征隔离。跨学科研究团队包括生理学，行为学和生态学专家，他们将定量评估个人与人口之间的联系，推进我们对人类活动对多个领域自然影响的认识。该团队体现了IntBIO计划的使命，通过采用整体，综合的方法将不同的子学科和生物组织的水平。这项研究是第一个严格评估和联系生理，行为和健身反应感官污染，并在几个物种和多个感官压力更大的普遍性。该项目旨在（i）揭示噪音和光污染是否始终选择六种鸟类的相似表型;（ii）确定生理，行为和生态反应之间的普遍关系，如果存在，如果不存在，（iii）揭示物种之间的关键差异，这些差异是对这些广泛形式的全球变化敏感的基础。在此过程中，该项目将建立一个可测试的框架，用于概括鸟类对人类造成的感官污染的反应，该框架可用于预测物种在日益明亮和嘈杂的人类主导的世界中是失败还是繁荣。项目的影响对保护和教育具有重要的社会效益，其努力包括：（a）对STEM中代表性不足的少数群体进行文化上敏感的培训，使其成为综合性的早期职业生物学家，（B）通过实践外展活动和大型网络的演示开发和传播外展材料，以及（c）通过与国家公园管理局和国际暗天协会的合作，为政策提供信息。学科回答：1）感觉压力是否形成了一个可推广的表型？2)行为和生理的表型会影响健身的最终结果吗？以及3）多感官应激源如何在生物尺度上影响生物体？在光和噪声的梯度和组合中，在最接近的水平上，团队将测量（a）生理学（例如，糖皮质激素、褪黑激素、睾酮、激素受体、时钟基因），和（B）筑巢鸟的行为（例如，侵略性、大胆、歌曲结构、定居、运动）。在最终层面上，他们将通过后代的成功（例如，窝卵数、雏鸟存活率）来衡量光和噪音污染的单一和综合后果。研究人员将专注于六种生活史特征和人为耐受性不同的鸣禽，增加我们对单一物种方法的理解。重要的是，反应之间的直接和间接联系将使用结构方程模型进行分析，促进整合，以揭示是否接近和最终的关系是跨物种的generalizable。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。

Animal responses to environmental stressors ultimately influence survival and reproduction, and some animals are better prepared to face challenges than others. This research examines physiological and behavioral responses to sensory pollution caused by human activities to predict population vulnerability across different species. The project will explicitly link the effects of light and noise pollution on avian physiology, behavior, and reproductive success in a landscape where these stimuli are isolated from other urban features. The interdisciplinary research team includes experts in physiology, behavior, and ecology who will quantitatively evaluate connections between the individual and population, advancing our knowledge of the effects of human activity on nature across multiple fields. The team embodies the IntBIO program mission by incorporating different sub-disciplines and levels of biological organization using a holistic, integrated approach. The research is the first to rigorously evaluate and link physiological, behavioral, and fitness responses to sensory pollution, and does so across several species and multiple sensory stressors for greater generalizability. The project aims to (i) reveal whether noise and light pollution consistently select for a similar phenotype across six bird species; (ii) identify generalizable relationships between physiological, behavioral, and ecological responses, if they exist, and, if not, (iii) unveil key differences among species that underlie sensitivity to these widespread forms of global change. In doing so, the project will build a testable framework for generalizing avian response to human-caused sensory pollution, which can be used to predict whether species will fail or thrive in an increasingly bright and noisy human-dominated world. Project impacts have important societal benefits to conservation and education, with efforts spanning (a) culturally responsive training of underrepresented minorities in STEM to become integrated, early-career biologists, (b) developing and disseminating outreach materials via hands-on outreach events and presentations across large networks, and (c) informing policy through collaboration with the National Park Service and the International Dark-Sky Association.This project addresses three integrative questions that require expertise from different sub-disciplines to answer: 1) Do sensory stressors shape a generalizable phenotype? 2) Do phenotypes of behavior and physiology affect ultimate outcomes of fitness? and 3) How do combined multi-sensory stressors affect organisms across biological scales? Across gradients and combinations of light and noise, at the proximate level the team will measure (a) physiology (e.g., glucocorticoids, melatonin, testosterone, hormone receptors, clock genes), and (b) behaviors of nesting birds (e.g., aggression, boldness, song structure, settlement, movement). At the ultimate level, they will monitor (c) fitness outcomes via offspring success (e.g., clutch size, fledgling survival) to measure singular and combined consequences of light and noise pollution. The researchers will focus on six songbirds that vary in life history traits and anthropogenic tolerance, increasing our understanding beyond single-species approaches. Importantly, the direct and indirect links among responses will be analyzed using structural equation models, facilitating integration to reveal whether proximate and ultimate relationships are generalizable across species.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.