NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship in Biology FY 2018

2018 财年 NSF 生物学博士后奖学金

• 批准号: 1812280
• 负责人: Jennifer Phillips
• 金额: $ 13.8万
• 依托单位: Phillips Jennifer N
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-01 至 2021-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1812280&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NSF; Postdoctoral; Fellowship; Biology; FY

This action funds an NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology for FY 2018, Broadening Participation of Groups Under-represented in Biology. The fellowship supports a research and training plan for the Fellow that will increase the participation of groups underrepresented in biology. Recently, the rise in anthropogenic (human-made) sensory pollution - noise and nightlight - present conditions that are unprecedented in the fossil record and could fundamentally disrupt the ways in which animals interact with the environment. Limited research has focused on the singular effects of noise or light on animal communication and reproduction. However, human-made noise and light typically co-occur in today's human-dominated world, thus understanding their combined influence is an urgent conservation priority. This research aims to understand how human-caused noise and light affects reproductive success among a community of birds. The fellow will study nest placement, nesting success, and fledgling survival across noisy and dark, bright and quiet, noisy and bright, and quiet and dark sites. By focusing on several species, the fellow will be able determine how the bird community changes with sensory pollution, how behaviors within species change (i.e. nesting timing, feeding rates, movement or avoidance behaviors), and which species are more likely to succeed in sensory polluted areas. Determining the consequences of sensory pollution caused by anthropogenic activities lays the groundwork for conserving wild places, species, and reconciling spaces where nature and humanity interact. Results will be used to inform partners at the National Parks Division of Natural Sounds and Night Skies and Bureau of Land Management to help protect species and reconcile human pollution with conservation. This project broadens participation of groups underrepresented or invisible in biology, including LGBTQ, minorities and Hispanic students by funding multiple diverse students, and allowing the fellow to engage in novel research in sensory ecology and educational outreach. The fellow will mentor diverse students as a part of her field crew and is developing sensory ecology workshops for underrepresented students in central California.The fellow will test the effects of noise and light pollution on breeding success and fledgling survival of a community of birds in New Mexico by implementing a large-scale manipulative field experiment with four treatments (Noise, Light, Light + Noise, & Control). By measuring settlement patterns, reproductive success, and activity states, the fellow will test mechanistic pathways that link exposure to sensory stimuli to changes in fitness. Fledgling survival will be monitored with radio telemetry to test hypothesized direct and indirect, predator mediated consequences of exposure. The fellow expects noise to decrease hatching and juvenile success, while light increases clutch size and provisioning rates but increases vulnerability to predation. Thus, the fellow expects Light + Noise will have mixed effects on fitness. The fellow will also recruit and train diverse students to gain biological field experience and develop outreach and workshops for underrepresented students in K-12 schools.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该行动为2018财年美国国家科学基金会生物学博士后研究奖学金提供资金，扩大生物学中代表性不足群体的参与。该奖学金支持研究员的一项研究和培训计划，该计划将增加生物学中代表性不足的群体的参与。最近，人类制造的感官污染——噪音和夜间灯光——的增加，呈现出化石记录中前所未有的状况，可能从根本上破坏动物与环境相互作用的方式。有限的研究集中在噪音或光对动物交流和繁殖的单一影响上。然而，在当今人类主导的世界中，人为制造的噪音和光通常同时发生，因此了解它们的综合影响是一个迫切的保护优先事项。这项研究旨在了解人类引起的噪音和光线如何影响鸟类群落的繁殖成功率。这位研究员将研究在嘈杂和黑暗、明亮和安静、嘈杂和明亮、安静和黑暗的地方筑巢的位置、筑巢成功率和雏鸟的存活率。通过关注几个物种，研究员将能够确定鸟类群落如何随着感官污染而变化，物种内的行为如何变化（即筑巢时间，摄食率，运动或回避行为），以及哪些物种更有可能在感官污染地区成功。确定人为活动造成的感官污染的后果，为保护野生环境、物种和协调自然与人类互动的空间奠定了基础。结果将用于通知国家公园自然声音和夜空部门以及土地管理局的合作伙伴，以帮助保护物种并协调人类污染与保护。该项目通过资助多个不同的学生，扩大了生物学中代表性不足或不被关注的群体的参与，包括LGBTQ、少数民族和西班牙裔学生，并允许研究员从事感官生态学和教育推广方面的新研究。她将作为实地工作人员的一部分指导不同的学生，并正在为加州中部代表性不足的学生开设感官生态学研讨会。该研究员将通过实施四种处理（噪音、光线、光+噪音和控制）的大规模操作现场实验，测试噪音和光污染对新墨西哥州一个鸟类群落繁殖成功和羽翼未丰的存活率的影响。通过测量定居模式、繁殖成功率和活动状态，研究员将测试将感官刺激暴露与适应性变化联系起来的机制途径。雏鸟的存活将通过无线电遥测技术进行监测，以测试暴露在捕食者介导的直接和间接后果。他认为噪音会降低孵化率和幼崽的成功率，而光线会增加窝的数量和供给率，但会增加被捕食的脆弱性。因此，这个家伙预计光+噪音会对健康产生混合影响。该研究员还将招募和培训不同的学生，以获得生物学领域的经验，并为K-12学校中代表性不足的学生开展外展活动和讲习班。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Background noise disrupts host–parasitoid interactions

背景噪音扰乱宿主与寄生蜂的相互作用

• DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190867
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Royal Society Open Science
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Phillips, Jennifer N.;Ruef, Sophia K.;Garvin, Christopher M.;Le, My-Lan T.;Francis, Clinton D.
• 通讯作者: Francis, Clinton D.

Singing in a silent spring: Birds respond to a half-century soundscape reversion during the COVID-19 shutdown

• DOI: 10.1126/science.abd5777
• 发表时间: 2020-10-30
• 期刊: SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 56.9
• 作者: Derryberry, Elizabeth P.;Phillips, Jennifer N.;Luther, David
• 通讯作者: Luther, David

Long-term noise pollution affects seedling recruitment and community composition, with negative effects persisting after removal

长期噪音污染会影响幼苗补充和群落组成，去除后负面影响仍然存在

• DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2906
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
• 作者: Phillips, Jennifer N.;Termondt, Sarah E.;Francis, Clinton D.
• 通讯作者: Francis, Clinton D.

Effects of Urbanization and Landscape on Gut Microbiomes in White-Crowned Sparrows

• DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01569-8
• 发表时间: 2020-08-16
• 期刊: MICROBIAL ECOLOGY
• 影响因子: 3.6
• 作者: Berlow, Mae;Phillips, Jennifer N.;Derryberry, Elizabeth P.
• 通讯作者: Derryberry, Elizabeth P.

Long-term changes of plumage between urban and rural populations of white-crowned sparrows ( Zonotrichia leucophrys )

城乡白冠麻雀( Zonotrichia leucophrys )羽毛的长期变化

• DOI: 10.1093/jue/juaa038
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of Urban Ecology
• 作者: Smith, Shawn H;Hessong-Brown, Jesi;Lipshutz, Sara E;Phillips, Jennifer N;Rochefort, Catherine;Derryberry, Elizabeth P;Luther, David A
• 通讯作者: Luther, David A