LEAPS-MPS: Where galaxies keep their cool in the heat: A Pathfinder to detect cool cosmic gas filaments and their effects on galaxy properties in clusters.

在最大的尺度上，星系被发现沿着巨大的丝状结构网络排列，通常被称为宇宙网，这些结构是从非常早期的宇宙中微小的密度波动演变而来的。包括首席研究员(PI)在内的一个团队最近的研究得出结论，凉爽、低湍流的气体可以沿着宇宙网流动，深入星系团，屏蔽星系团内炎热的介质，有效地延长它们形成恒星的能力。这项研究计划将允许(1)更精确地描述星系团星系动力学和恒星形成活动中的丝状“屏蔽”机制，并增加(2)间接追踪冷气流本身的可能性。该计划将为至少六名来自STEM代表性不足群体的本科生提供独特的研究和专业经验，每个学生都是职业生涯早期阶段另一名学生的导师和榜样。PI将进行后续试点研究，将完成的3068个低红移星系(SAMI)的积分场光谱调查与利用Horizon-AGN宇宙模拟生成的150,000个星系的模拟积分场光谱数据立方体相结合。PI和她的学生将扩展用于为占据丝状和星系团环境的模拟星系创建模拟IFS图像立方体的管道，以包括新开发的猝灭诊断。这些将与星系动力学的标准迭代函数系统测量(例如，旋转速度、速度弥散和旋转不对称图)一起使用，以找到最适合追踪星系-细丝相互作用的观测特征，评估星系如何因其接近星系团内细丝而受到影响，并确定细丝的合并状态可能如何影响结果。这项LEAPS-MPS研究计划承诺在星系和宇宙网络之间的相互作用方面做出重大贡献。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

On the largest scales, galaxies are found to be arranged along vast networks of filamentary structures, commonly referred to as the cosmic web, that evolved from minute density fluctuations in the very early universe. Recent work by a team including the principal investigator (PI) concluded that cool, low-turbulence gas can flow along the cosmic web and penetrate deep into galaxy clusters and shield galaxies from the hot intra-cluster medium, effectively prolonging their ability to form stars. This research program will allow (1) a more precise characterization of the filamentary "shielding" mechanism on the dynamics and star formation activity of cluster galaxies, with the added potential to (2) indirectly trace the cool gas streams themselves. This program will provide unique research and professional experiences for at least six undergraduate students from groups underrepresented in STEM, with each student acting as a mentor and role model for another student at an earlier career stage.The PI will conduct a follow-up pilot study combining a completed integral-field spectroscopic (IFS) survey of 3,068 low redshift galaxies (SAMI) with mock IFS data cubes for 150,000 galaxies generated using the Horizon-AGN cosmological simulation. The PI and her students will extend the pipeline used to create mock IFS image cubes for simulated galaxies occupying filaments and cluster environments to include newly developed quenching diagnostics. These will be used in conjunction with standard IFS measures of galactic dynamics (e.g., maps of rotational velocity, velocity dispersion, and rotation asymmetry) to find observational signatures best suited to trace galaxy-filament interactions, assess how galaxies are affected by their proximity to intra-cluster filaments, and determine how the merging status of filaments might influence the results. This LEAPS-MPS research program promises to make a significant contribution regarding the interplay between galaxies and the cosmic web.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.