Collaborative Research: Exploring the Kermadec Trench --- Residence time, spatial gradients, and insights into ventilation

该项目将对深海海沟进行首次物理海洋学调查，重点是Kermadec海沟的空间梯度和哈达尔通风的潜在机制。观测将使用两个独特的、免费的11公里深度自由落体系统--Hadal水柱剖面仪和深度自主剖面仪--来检查沟渠通风的模式和潜在机制。观测将包括第一次直接测量哈达尔湍流微结构，第一次深度速度剖面，以及第一次检查沿沟渠长度的物理或生物水柱梯度。现场观测包括两个独特的、互补的11公里深度额定仪器的多个配置。Hadal水柱剖面仪测量温度、电导率、溶解氧、水平水流速度、湍动微结构和侧视200 kHz生物声背向散射。它还有一个摄像机和一个小型微量金属清洁水样采样器。深度自主剖面仪测量温度、电导率和溶解氧，有一个向下看的相机和24个10升瓶装水样。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project will conduct the first physical oceanography survey of a deep ocean trench, focusing on spatial gradients and potential mechanisms of hadal ventilation in the Kermadec Trench. The observations will be made using two unique and complimentary 11 km depth-rated free-falling systems – the Hadal Water Column Profiler and the Deep Autonomous Profiler – to examine patterns and potential mechanisms of trench ventilation. Observations will include the first direct measurements of hadal turbulent microstructure, the first depth profiles of velocity, and the first examination of physical or biological water column gradients along the length of a trench.The field observations consist of multiple collocated deployments of two unique and complimentary 11 km depth-rated instruments. The Hadal Water Column Profiler measures temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, horizontal current velocity, turbulent microstructure, and sideways looking 200 kHz bio-acoustic backscatter. It also has a video camera and a small trace metal-clean water sampler. The Deep Autonomous Profiler measures temperature, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen, and has a downward looking camera and twenty-four 10-liter bottle water sampler.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.