Collaborative Research: Exploring the Kermadec Trench --- Residence time, spatial gradients, and insights into ventilation

该项目将对深海海沟进行第一次物理海洋学调查，重点是空间梯度和Kermadec海沟超深渊通风的潜在机制。观测将使用两个独特和互补的11公里深度额定自由下落系统-Hadal水柱剖面仪和深层自主剖面仪-以研究海沟通风的模式和潜在机制。观测将包括首次直接测量超深湍流微观结构、首次深度速度分布图以及首次检查沿沿着海沟长度的物理或生物水柱梯度，实地观测包括多次在同一地点部署两个独特和互补的11公里深度额定仪器。Hadal水柱剖面仪测量温度、电导率、溶解氧、水平流速、湍流微观结构和侧视200 kHz生物声学后向散射。它还有一个摄像机和一个小型的痕量金属清洁水采样器。深度自主剖面仪测量温度、电导率和溶解氧，并配有一个向下的摄像头和24个10升瓶装水采样器。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project will conduct the first physical oceanography survey of a deep ocean trench, focusing on spatial gradients and potential mechanisms of hadal ventilation in the Kermadec Trench. The observations will be made using two unique and complimentary 11 km depth-rated free-falling systems – the Hadal Water Column Profiler and the Deep Autonomous Profiler – to examine patterns and potential mechanisms of trench ventilation. Observations will include the first direct measurements of hadal turbulent microstructure, the first depth profiles of velocity, and the first examination of physical or biological water column gradients along the length of a trench.The field observations consist of multiple collocated deployments of two unique and complimentary 11 km depth-rated instruments. The Hadal Water Column Profiler measures temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, horizontal current velocity, turbulent microstructure, and sideways looking 200 kHz bio-acoustic backscatter. It also has a video camera and a small trace metal-clean water sampler. The Deep Autonomous Profiler measures temperature, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen, and has a downward looking camera and twenty-four 10-liter bottle water sampler.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.