Sustained measurements of Southern Ocean air-sea coupling from a mobile autonomous platform

南大洋的海-气耦合动力在海洋热量和二氧化碳的输送和储存以及这些过程对气候变化的响应中起着至关重要的作用。该项目通过部署一架波浪滑翔机，提高了我们在风中观测海气动力学的能力。波浪滑翔机已被充分证明是一种用于公开海洋工作的坚固的高耐力平台，并已开始展示其研究质量测量的能力。这个项目将通过增加我们对飞行器和传感器性能的了解，以及对测量海气动量、水分和热量通量的适用性，来提高这一能力。同时，运载火箭将用于研究有关海-气相互作用的关键科学问题。该项目将包括研究生和本科生培训，以及通过当地学校、西雅图水族馆和太平洋科学中心进行的推广活动。该项目涉及的主要研究课题包括南大洋风的空间结构和表面特性、面波斯托克斯漂移对上层海洋埃克曼传输的影响、风应力的波浪调制、输入海洋的近惯性风能以及风和海面温度之间的耦合。观测将由Liquid Robotics Wave Glider SV3自主水面飞行器进行，该飞行器用于测量表面波、温度和盐度、上层洋流、气压和风。部署和恢复将利用计划中的巡航，维护海洋观测站倡议南大洋阵列，并为美国南极计划的帕尔默站提供补给。抽样计划包括：(1)海洋观测站倡议海气相互作用浮标附近3个月的时间，以研究空间结构，并能够交叉校准各种传感器及其对车辆航向和风浪条件的反应；(2)2个月跨南极绕极洋流向德雷克海峡的下游网格调查；(3)从R/V劳伦斯·M·古尔德恢复之前，在南极绕极洋流到德雷克航道的南部德雷克航道为期一个月的时间序列。

The coupled air-sea dynamics of the Southern Ocean play a critical role in the ocean?s transport and storage of heat and carbon dioxide and the response of these processes to climate change. This project advances our capability to observe air-sea dynamics under winds through a 6-month deployment of a wave glider. The wave glider has been adequately demonstrated as a robust high-endurance platform for open-ocean work and has begun to demonstrate its capability for research-quality measurements. This project will advance that capability by increasing our understanding of vehicle and sensor performance and suitability for measuring air?sea fluxes of momentum, moisture, and heat. Simultaneously, the vehicle will be used to study critical scientific questions on air-sea interactions. The project will include graduate and undergraduate student training and outreach activities through local schools, the Seattle Aquarium, and the Pacific Science Center.The main research topics addressed in this project are the spatial structure of winds and surface properties in the Southern Ocean, the influence of surface wave Stokes drift on Ekman transport in the upper ocean, wave modulation of wind stress, near-inertial wind energy input into the ocean, and the coupling between winds and sea surface temperature. The observations will be taken by a Liquid Robotics Wave Glider SV3 autonomous surface vehicle instrumented for measurements of surface waves, temperature and salinity, upper-ocean currents, barometric pressure, and winds. Deployment and recovery will exploit planned cruises maintaining the Ocean Observatories Initiative Southern Ocean array and re-supplying the US Antarctic Program's Palmer Station. The sampling plan consists of (1) three months near the Ocean Observatories Initiative air-sea interactions buoy to study spatial structure and allow cross-calibration of the various sensors and their responses to vehicle heading and wind and wave conditions; (2) two months conducting a downstream grid survey across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current towards Drake Passage; and (3) a month-long timeseries in southern Drake Passage in the weak-current region between the Polar Front and the Southern ACC Front before recovery from the R/V Laurence M. Gould.