Collaborative Research: URoL:ASC: Microbiome-mediated plant genetic resistance for enhanced agricultural sustainability

合作研究：URoL:ASC：微生物介导的植物遗传抗性以增强农业可持续性

• 批准号: 2319568
• 负责人: Posy Busby
• 金额: $ 168.54万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-01 至 2028-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2319568&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; URoL; ASC; Microbiome

Agricultural plant production provides humans with some of our most basic needs including food, fiber and shelter. Yet conventional agricultural practices cause damage to ecosystems and undermine their capacity. Greater pathogen pressure and drought stress associated with climate change add to this challenge by reducing crop yields. Breeding plants to recruit beneficial microbes from the environment conferring disease resistance and stress tolerance has been proposed, but the research community has lacked a coordinated effort to develop and critically evaluate this approach. This URoL project will develop and study crop varieties that enhance agricultural sustainability by assembling microbial communities that enhance resistance to major current and emergent biotic and abiotic stresses. The research will be conducted in three widely grown crops: wheat, tomato, and poplar. New knowledge and genetic material will be widely shared to enable rapid adoption by breeding programs and producers around the world. In focal studies of wheat, collaboration with tribal and non-tribal wheat farmers in Oregon will foster the co-production of knowledge and build capacity in rural wheat farming communities. The education program will provide employment and training to undergraduate and graduate students, as well as postdoctoral scholars. Partnerships with Heritage University and Blue Mountain Community College will help to recruit students from traditionally underrepresented groups in STEM to our undergraduate summer program. An outreach program coordinated with the Oregon Museum of Science and Industry seeks to improve the public understanding of plant microbiomes in agriculture through hands-on activities in museums, libraries, and county fairs. An emerging rule of life is that plant genetic variation shapes the assembly of its microbiome. The microbiome in turn affects critical plant functions. This URoL project seeks to understand and apply these rules to agriculture by breeding plants to recruit microbial communities conferring disease resistance and drought tolerance. The first aim is to identify genetic targets underlying microbiome-mediated genetic resistance to major current and emergent biotic and abiotic stresses. By testing diverse species – an annual grass (wheat), annual dicot (tomato), and a perennial dicot (poplar trees) – the project will investigate the rules governing the relationships among pathogenic microbes, beneficial microbes, and host genotypes. The overarching hypothesis is that host genotypes select for disease-suppressive microbes across crops, though specific molecular, physiological, and ecological mechanisms may differ among systems. The second aim will test whether genetic targets impacting particular pathogens are associated with resistance to additional pathogens and to drought stress. Together, this work will lead to the development of wheat, tomato, and poplar cultivars expressing microbiome-mediated genetic resistance to important biotic and biotic stresses. Overall, the contributions of this URoL project will be wide-ranging, spanning plant breeding and genetics, genomics, plant pathology, microbiology, microbial community ecology, and transdisciplinary sciences.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

农业植物生产为人类提供了一些最基本的需求，包括食物、纤维和住所。然而，传统的农业做法对生态系统造成破坏，削弱了生态系统的能力。与气候变化相关的更大的病原体压力和干旱压力减少了作物产量，从而加剧了这一挑战。已经提出了从环境中招募有益微生物的育种植物，以赋予抗病性和抗逆性，但研究界缺乏协调一致的努力来开发和批判性地评估这种方法。该URoL项目将开发和研究作物品种，通过聚集微生物群落来增强对当前和新出现的主要生物和非生物胁迫的抵抗力，从而提高农业的可持续性。这项研究将在三种广泛种植的作物上进行：小麦、番茄和杨树。新的知识和遗传物质将被广泛分享，使世界各地的育种计划和生产者能够迅速采用。在小麦重点研究方面，与俄勒冈州的部落和非部落小麦农民合作，将促进农村小麦种植社区知识的共同生产和能力建设。该教育项目将为本科生、研究生以及博士后提供就业和培训。与传统大学和蓝山社区学院的合作将有助于从传统上代表性不足的STEM群体中招募学生到我们的本科暑期课程。一项与俄勒冈科学与工业博物馆协调的外展计划，旨在通过在博物馆、图书馆和县博览会的实践活动，提高公众对农业中植物微生物组的理解。一个新出现的生命规律是，植物的遗传变异塑造了其微生物组的组合。微生物组反过来影响植物的关键功能。该URoL项目旨在通过培育植物来吸收具有抗病性和耐旱性的微生物群落，从而理解并将这些规则应用于农业。第一个目标是确定微生物组介导的遗传抵抗主要当前和新出现的生物和非生物胁迫的遗传靶点。通过测试不同的物种——一年生草（小麦）、一年生双叶树（番茄）和多年生双叶树（杨树）——该项目将调查致病微生物、有益微生物和宿主基因型之间关系的规则。总体假设是，宿主基因型选择了作物中的疾病抑制微生物，尽管特定的分子、生理和生态机制可能在不同的系统中有所不同。第二个目标将测试影响特定病原体的遗传靶点是否与对其他病原体和干旱胁迫的抗性有关。总之，这项工作将导致小麦、番茄和杨树品种的发展，表达微生物介导的遗传抗性，以抵抗重要的生物和生物胁迫。总体而言，该项目的贡献将是广泛的，涵盖植物育种和遗传学，基因组学，植物病理学，微生物学，微生物群落生态学和跨学科科学。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。