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Collaborative Research: Experiment of Sea Breeze Convection, Aerosols, Precipitation and Environment (ESCAPE)

合作研究：海风对流、气溶胶、降水与环境实验（ESCAPE）

基本信息

批准号：
2326943
负责人：
Zachary Lebo
金额：
$ 36.78万
依托单位：
University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-10-01 至 2024-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2326943&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Experiment Sea Breeze

项目摘要

This award provides funding for an observational field experiment in the Houston, Texas area to study clouds and precipitation, and their dependence on environmental factors including small particulates known as aerosols. The Houston region represents a unique region of study, where isolated clouds and thunderstorms are common, there is a sea breeze due to the nearby Gulf of Mexico, and there are specific sources of aerosol due to urban and industrial emissions. The research team will deploy research aircraft, ground based radars, and a variety of other sensors to characterize the environment in and around growing clouds. The data will be analyzed and incorporated into numerical models to answer questions about the role of temperature, moisture, winds, and aerosols in the formation and development of clouds and precipitation. This research will help to improve high-resolution simulations of extreme or high-impact events in highly populated coastal regions. The research will also have wide relevance to climate models, where aerosol/cloud interactions are difficult to simulate. Early career researchers and students will gain experience in conducting observational research. Outreach activities will also provide opportunities for enhanced public awareness of thunderstorm and flooding hazards. The Experiment of Sea Breeze Convection, Aerosols, Precipitation and Environment (ESCAPE) is planned for June and July 2021 in the Houston metropolitan area. ESCAPE will provide measurements that will be used symbiotically with high-resolution models to improve simulations of the lifecycle of isolated convective cells, including the effects of interactive aerosol, microphysical, and kinematic processes on observable cloud, precipitation, and electrification signatures. The research team plans to methodically advance observation-based understanding of fundamental convective cloud processes and aerosol impacts on these processes by deploying a host of instruments in a targeted geographic region. The main airborne platform would be the NSF/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) C-130 research aircraft with a wide range of cloud microphysical measurements. On the ground, the PIs would coordinate multiple radars, radiosondes, swarmsondes, and the Houston Lightning Mapping Array. The campaign will coordinate with the Department of Energy deployment of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement mobile facility and make use of existing measurements of air quality in the Houston area. The observational data would be combined with modeling using WRF and RAMS to address the following science objectives: 1) Investigate the control of meteorology, dynamics, and mixing on aerosol indirect effects on the early growth stage of convective clouds, 2) Characterize the environment and physical processes leading to coastal convective initiation, 3) Determine how mature convective updraft microphysical and kinematic properties relate to those earlier in the cloud lifecycle, its initiation mechanism, and heterogeneities of its parent environment, 4) Quantify environmental thermodynamic and kinematic controls on convective lifecycle properties under different aerosol conditions, 5) Quantify how: a) cold pool properties and lifetimes vary as a function of precipitation amounts and precipitation size distributions, and how are these relationships modulated by the relative humidity, b) what is the impact of aerosol number concentration on cold pool depth and intensity, and c) how do different land-surface types determine the dissipation of cold pools, 6) Characterize how the lightning flash size and energy depends on the modification of the supercooled liquid water content, scale and volume of the mixed-phase updraft, and hydrometeor populations.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项为德克萨斯州休斯顿地区的一项观测实验提供了资金，该实验旨在研究云和降水，以及它们对环境因素的依赖，包括被称为气溶胶的小颗粒。休斯顿地区代表了一个独特的研究区域，在那里孤立的云和雷暴是常见的，由于附近的墨西哥湾，有海风，由于城市和工业排放，有特定的气溶胶来源。研究小组将部署研究飞机、地面雷达和各种其他传感器，以表征云层内部和周围的环境。这些数据将被分析并整合到数值模型中，以回答有关温度、湿度、风和气溶胶在云和降水的形成和发展中的作用的问题。这项研究将有助于提高对人口密集的沿海地区极端或高影响事件的高分辨率模拟。这项研究还将与气候模式广泛相关，因为气溶胶/云的相互作用很难模拟。早期职业研究人员和学生将获得进行观察研究的经验。外展活动亦会提供机会，提高市民对雷暴及水浸的认识。海风对流、气溶胶、降水和环境实验（ESCAPE）计划于2021年6月和7月在休斯顿大都市区进行。ESCAPE将提供与高分辨率模型共生使用的测量结果，以改进孤立对流细胞生命周期的模拟，包括相互作用的气溶胶、微物理和运动过程对可观测云、降水和电气化特征的影响。研究小组计划通过在目标地理区域部署大量仪器，有条不紊地推进基于观测的对基本对流云过程和气溶胶对这些过程的影响的理解。主要的机载平台将是NSF/国家大气研究中心（NCAR）的C-130研究飞机，具有广泛的云微物理测量。在地面上，pi将协调多个雷达、无线电探空仪、蜂群探空仪和休斯顿闪电测绘阵列。该活动将与能源部部署的大气辐射测量移动设施进行协调，并利用休斯敦地区现有的空气质量测量。观测数据将与使用WRF和RAMS的建模相结合，以实现以下科学目标：1)研究气象、动力学和混合对气溶胶对对流云早期生长的间接影响的控制；2)表征导致沿海对流开始的环境和物理过程；3)确定成熟对流上升气流的微物理和运动学特性与云生命周期早期的特性、其开始机制和母环境的异质性之间的关系；4)量化不同气溶胶条件下对流生命周期特性的环境热力学和运动学控制；a)冷池性质和寿命随降水量和降水大小分布而变化，以及这些关系如何被相对湿度调节；b)气溶胶数量浓度对冷池深度和强度的影响；c)不同地表类型如何决定冷池的耗散；6)表征闪电大小和能量如何取决于过冷液液水含量的改变。混合相上升气流的规模和体积，以及水流星的数量。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。