ExpandQISE: Track 1: Understanding and controlling decoherence in hybrid spin qubit-magnon systems for advancing education and building workforce in emerging quantum technologies

摘要：量子技术有望成为国家未来持续经济福祉的组成部分。量子计算和量子传感是不断发展的量子技术的重要组成部分。虽然许多量子技术，如基于超导量子比特的量子计算机，已经可以用于进行高级计算，但对超低（0.1K）温度的需求使得它们具有挑战性且不易获得。该团队专注于研究和控制混合金刚石自旋量子比特-磁激发（磁振子）系统中的量子退相干，该系统可能作为可扩展的量子信息处理平台，在比超导量子比特更高的温度（≥1k）下运行。该项目的目标是设计、制造、表征和建模混合体系结构，其中金刚石自旋量子比特及其相互作用由磁振子和自旋电流效应控制，使用薄膜或二维磁性材料的异质结构。威奇托州立大学的主要研究人员受益于内布拉斯加大学林肯分校在量子材料的先进纳米制造和低温量子传感方面的扩展能力。该项目还旨在通过培训一名博士后、几名研究生/本科生/K-12（简称幼儿园到12年级）学生和四名K-12教师，来推进新兴量子技术的教育和建设一支劳动力队伍。技术摘要：芯片集成、基于自旋的量子信息处理（QIP）器件的实现依赖于通过相干量子总线可控地连接远距离自旋量子比特的能力。为了实现直接的自旋-自旋量子比特耦合，已经提出了基于位于宽带隙半导体表面的自旋缺陷线性链的结构，但是相邻之间的偶极相互作用的短范围（~ 10 nm）及其相对位置的无序性带来了目前难以克服的工程挑战。该项目的目标是设计、制造、表征和建模混合体系结构，其中金刚石氮空位（NV）自旋量子位（SQs）及其相互作用由磁能学和自旋电子学效应控制，利用薄膜和二维（2D）磁性材料的异质结构。该项目旨在研究不同形状和成分的磁性纳米线、二维片和空腔在宽温度范围（0.3-350 K）和磁场（高达3 T）下的sq -磁振子耦合，目的是在纳米尺度上确定磁性材料中丰富的磁激发模式的物理机制，杂化金刚石sq -磁振子系统退相干的起源。以及使用（经典和量子）磁振子在不影响其相干性的情况下耦合远距离SQs的最佳工作参数。建议的研究活动包括：(i)磁性材料（薄膜，二维）的生长和用于产生和控制磁振子的自旋电子器件的纳米制造，（ii）执行静态和动态磁、光学和磁输运测量，（iii）在环境和低温条件下对薄膜和二维磁体中的磁振子进行量子传感，以研究自旋激发的丰富物理特性并探索量子磁振子。（iv）最后从理论上和实验上建立了与QIP相关的NV量子粒子与磁振子之间的强相干耦合。内布拉斯加州大学林肯分校（UNL）的首席研究员帮助威奇托州立大学（Wichita State University）的首席研究员扩展UNL在量子材料（掺杂NVs的金刚石膜，磁波导/器件）和低温量子传感方面的先进纳米制造能力。该项目的劳动力发展目标是培养和指导量子信息科学（QIS）和技术方面的学生。作为一个具有独特知识和技能的新领域，需要在新兴的量子劳动力中具有竞争力，因此有机会设计创新的课程来培训研究生和本科生，并创建新的教育和推广活动，整合量子概念来招募第一代量子科学家和工程师。劳动力发展计划包括：(1)设计量子技术课程的应用学习模块；(2)为新兴QIS技术设计传统和基于动画的课程模块；(3)K-12教师和K-12学生的教育、培训和指导计划；(4)促进包容和公平的研究计划。该项目由多学科活动办公室（MPS/OMA）、促进竞争研究的既定计划（EPSCoR）和技术前沿计划（TIP/TF）共同资助。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Non-technical Abstract: Quantum technologies are expected to become integral to the future sustained economic well-being of the country. Quantum computing and quantum sensing are essential parts of evolving quantum technologies. While many quantum technologies, such as quantum computers based on superconducting qubits, are already available to do advanced calculations, the need for ultra-low ( 0.1K) temperatures makes them challenging and less accessible. The team focuses on studying and controlling the quantum decoherence in hybrid diamond spin qubit-magnetic excitation (magnon) systems that could potentially serve as scalable quantum information processing platforms operating at higher temperatures (≥ 1 K) than superconducting qubits. The project's goals are to design, fabricate, characterize, and model hybrid architectures where diamond spin qubits and their interactions are controlled by magnons and spin current effects using heterostructures of thin-film or two-dimensional magnetic materials. The principal investigators at Wichita State University benefit from extending the capabilities in advanced nanofabrication of quantum materials and cryogenic quantum sensing from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. The project also aims to advance education and build a workforce in emerging quantum technologies by training a postdoc, several graduate/undergraduate/K-12 (abbreviating Kindergarten through 12th grade) students, and four K-12 teachers.Technical Abstract: The realization of chip-integrated, spin-based quantum information processing (QIP) devices depends on the ability to controllably link distant spin qubits via a coherent quantum bus. To achieve direct spin-spin qubits coupling, architectures based on linear chains of spin defects positioned on the surface of wide-bandgap semiconductors have been proposed, but the short range (~ 10 nm) of the dipolar interaction between neighbors and disorder in their relative positions impose engineering challenges that are currently difficult to overcome. The goals of the project are to design, fabricate, characterize, and model hybrid architectures where diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) spin qubits (SQs) and their interactions are controlled by magnonics and spintronics effects using heterostructures of thin-film and two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials. The project seeks to study SQ-magnon couplings in magnetic nanowires, 2D flakes, and cavities with different shapes and compositions and at a wide range of temperatures (0.3-350 K) and magnetic fields (up to 3 T) with the goal to identify the physical mechanisms of the rich magnetic excitation modes in magnetic materials at the nanoscale, the origin of decoherence in hybrid diamond SQ-magnon systems, and the optimal working parameters for using (classical and quantum) magnons to couple distant SQs without affecting their coherence. The proposed research activities include: (i) growth of magnetic materials (thin film, 2D) and nanofabrication of spintronic devices for generating and controlling magnons, (ii) perform static and dynamic magnetic, optical, and magneto-transport measurements, (iii) perform quantum sensing of magnons in thin-film and 2D magnets at ambient and cryogenic conditions to study the rich physics of spin excitations and explore quantum magnons, (iv) and finally establish theoretically and experimentally the strong coherent coupling between NV SQs and magnons relevant to QIP. The principal investigator at University of Nebraska Lincoln (UNL) helps the principal investigators at Wichita State University to extend UNL's quantum capabilities in advanced nanofabrication of quantum materials (diamond membranes doped with NVs, magnetic waveguides/devices) and cryogenic quantum sensing. The workforce development goal of this project is to train and mentor students in quantum information science (QIS) and technologies. As a new field with distinct knowledge and skills required to be competitive in the emerging quantum workforce, an opportunity exists to design innovative curricula for training graduate and undergraduate students and to create new education and outreach activities that integrate quantum concepts to recruit first-generation quantum scientists and engineers. The workforce development plans include: (1) design an applied learning module for quantum technologies course, (2) design traditional and animation-based course modules for emerging QIS technologies, (3) education, training, and mentoring Plans for K-12 Teachers and K-12 Students, and (4) promote inclusive and equitable research plan.This project is jointly funded by The Office of Multidisciplinary Activities (MPS/OMA), the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR), and Technology Frontiers Program (TIP/TF).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.