BRC-BIO: The origin and genetic makeup of rare plants: bridging micro- and macroevolution in the California Floristic Province

BRC-BIO：稀有植物的起源和基因组成：连接加州植物省的微观和宏观进化

• 批准号: 2334849
• 负责人: Oscar Vargas-Hernandez
• 金额: $ 46.3万
• 依托单位: Humboldt State University Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-06-01 至 2027-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2334849&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: BRC; BIO; origin; genetic; makeup

This project will examine the origin and genetics of four rare plants in California, a state known for having high biological diversity. In California, there are over 6,000 different plant species, and about a third of them are rare. Often found in only a single county or a few adjacent counties, rare species are those that live in small areas. Because rare species occupy small areas, any changes to their environment can affect them more relative to widespread species. By studying their genetic makeup and aspects of their morphology and ecology, this study aims to increase our knowledge about rare plants. Understanding how rare plants evolve and how genetically diverse they are will help biologists to manage and protect these rare species. This study focuses on four rare plants in northwestern California. This area is known for its unique plants but faces important challenges from recent wildfires and prolonged droughts. This project will also provide research experience for college and graduate students in northern California, including for students who are underrepresented in the sciences. The results of the study will be presented to local indigenous tribes and to regional and national societies.Hotspots of biodiversity have a high proportion of rare plants: it is estimated that about a third of plant taxa in the California Floristic Province are rare. Recent evidence has shown that budding speciation could be a primary driver of rare species diversity in the California Floristic Province. Despite the apparent relative importance of rare species in the assemblage of biodiversity hotspots, fine evolutionary scale studies that test the predictions of budding speciation are missing, and little is known about the origin and genetics of rare plant species. Budding speciation is defined as a process in which a widespread species (progenitor) gives rise to a narrowly distributed species (derivative), with the “derivative” species being geographically adjacent or overlapping to the “progenitor” species. This project will study four rare species (Erysimum menziesii, Lupinus constancei, Silene serpentinicola, Wyethia longicaulis) in northwestern California to: 1) test the phylogenetic and genetic predictions of budding speciation, and 2) test for ecological divergence between the “derivative” and its putative “progenitor.” The project will sample hundreds or thousands of DNA regions and multiple individuals per species for aim 1. Vegetative habit, flower size, flowering period, soil preference, and climatic niche will be compared between the “derivative” species and its putative “progenitor” for aim 2. Knowledge gained from this project will provide valuable input in the evolutionary processes governing rare plant species.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目将检查加利福尼亚四种稀有植物的起源和遗传学，该州以高生物学多样性而闻名。在加利福尼亚州，有超过6,000种不同的植物物种，其中大约三分之一很少见。稀有物种通常仅在一个数量或几个相邻的计数中发现的物种是居住在小区域的物种。因为稀有物种占据很小的区域，所以对环境的任何变化都可能相对于宽度物种影响更大。通过研究其遗传构成以及其形态和生态学方面，本研究旨在增加我们对稀有植物的了解。了解稀有植物的发展程度以及它们的遗传学生物如何有助于生物学家管理和保护这些稀有物种。这项研究的重点是加利福尼亚西北部的四种稀有植物。该地区以其独特的植物而闻名，但面临着最近的野火和长期干旱的重要挑战。该项目还将为北加州的大学和研究生提供研究经验，包括在科学中代表人数不足的学生。该研究的结果将呈现给当地的土著部落和地区和国家社会。生物多样性的肉汤有很大比例的稀有植物：据估计，加利福尼亚植物省大约有三分之一的植物分类群很少见。最近的证据表明，出现规格可能是加利福尼亚植物省稀有物种多样性的主要驱动力。尽管稀有物种在生物多样性热点的组合中显然相对重要，但缺少测试出现规格预测的精细进化量表研究，对稀有植物物种的起源和遗传学知之甚少。萌芽规格定义为一个过程，在该过程中，宽度物种（祖细胞）产生狭窄的物种（衍生物），而“衍生物”物种在地理位置相邻或与“祖细胞”物种重叠。该项目将研究加利福尼亚西北部的四种稀有物种（Erysimum Menziesii，Lupinus Constancei，Silene Serpentinicola，Wyethia longiciCulis），在加利福尼亚州西北部进行：1）测试：1）测试“萌芽规格”的系统发育和遗传预测，以及2）测试“衍生性”和“衍生物”和其假定的“衍生性”阶段的生态差异。该项目将针对目标1。营养习惯，花朵大小，开花时期，土壤偏好和碎屑小众将品尝数百或数千个DNA区域和多个个体。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响评估标准来评估值得支持。