Collaborative Research: RAPID: Fault rock and spring sampling of the 2023 Kahramanmaras, Turkey, earthquake sequence ruptures

该项目包括采样与土耳其灾难性的7.8兆瓦和7.5兆瓦喀拉曼马拉斯地震破裂有关的岩石、沉积物、水和天然气。这些样本对于研究近地表环境的物理和化学性质如何影响地震破裂的传播或停止，以及地震如何改变地下水沿断层的迁移是至关重要的。由于科学家在没有经历过近期地震的地震活动断层上工作时，通常必须推断在现场观察到的岩石在地震期间是否形成和变形，这些新样本将作为地震变形特有特征的基准。因此，这些样本将为世界范围内正在进行的和未来的大型地震引发断层的研究提供信息。美国PIS，包括一名女性STEM研究员，将与土耳其同事密切合作，通过指导伊斯坦布尔技术大学的一名土耳其本科生进行野外工作，扩大研究、教育和培训机会。该项目以土耳其最近发生的7.8和7.5兆瓦地震序列和相关的地表破裂为中心，是一个史无前例的、对时间敏感的机会，可以对在这些灾难性事件中直接参与地表破裂的地球材料和流体进行采样。PIS将利用两个地表破裂的新地图来采样(1)这些地震破裂产生的离散陡峭和新断裂面的断层岩石、沉积物和土壤，(2)在随后参与这些破裂的多个过去地震周期中造成和变形的断层破坏，(3)沿着破裂的新起泡泉水和气体，以及(4)所有样本位置沿破裂的现场二氧化碳通量测量。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，认为值得支持。

This project involves sampling rock, sediment, water, and gas associated with the catastrophic MW 7.8 and MW 7.5 Kahramanmaras earthquake ruptures in Turkey. These samples are critical for addressing how the physical and chemical properties of the near-surface environment influence how earthquake ruptures propagate or stop, and how earthquakes change groundwater migration along faults. Because scientists working on seismically active faults that have not experienced recent earthquakes commonly have to infer whether rocks observed in the field formed and deformed during an earthquake, these new samples will benchmark characteristics that are unique to earthquake deformation. Thus, these samples will inform on-going and future studies of large-magnitude earthquake-generating faults world-wide. The US PIs, including a female STEM researcher, will work closely with Turkish colleagues and expand research, education, and training opportunities by mentoring a Turkish undergraduate from Istanbul Technical University in field work.This projects centers on the recent MW 7.8 and MW 7.5 Kahramanmaras earthquake sequence and associated surface rupture in Turkey and is an unprecedented and time-sensitive opportunity to sample Earth materials and fluids that directly participated in surface ruptures during these catastrophic events. The PIs will leverage new mapping of both surface ruptures to sample (1) fault rocks, sediments, and soils from discrete scarps and new fault surfaces produced by these earthquake ruptures, (2) fault damage created and deformed during multiple past earthquake cycles that subsequently participated in these ruptures, (3) waters and gases from new bubbling springs along the ruptures and existing thermal springs proximal to these faults, and (4) in situ CO2 flux measurements along the ruptures at all sample locationsThis award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.