Collaborative Research: RAPID: Fault rock and spring sampling of the 2023 Kahramanmaras, Turkey, earthquake sequence ruptures

该项目涉及对土耳其灾难性的MW 7.8和MW 7.5卡赫拉曼马拉斯地震破裂相关的岩石、沉积物、水和气体进行取样。这些样本对于解决近地表环境的物理和化学性质如何影响地震破裂如何传播或停止，以及地震如何改变地下水沿沿着迁移至关重要。由于研究地震活动断层的科学家通常必须推断在地震期间观察到的岩石是否在地震中形成和变形，因此这些新样本将对地震变形所特有的特征进行基准测试。因此，这些样本将为正在进行和未来的世界范围内的大规模地震生成断层研究提供信息。包括一名女性STEM研究人员在内的美国PI将与土耳其同事密切合作，扩大研究，教育，通过指导来自伊斯坦布尔技术大学的土耳其本科生进行实地工作，提供培训机会。该项目以土耳其最近发生的MW 7.8和MW 7.5卡赫拉曼马拉斯地震序列及相关地表破裂为中心，是前所未有的，这是一个敏感的机会，可以对这些灾难性事件中直接参与地表破裂的地球物质和流体进行采样。PI将利用两个地表破裂的新测绘来采样（1）来自离散陡坎的断层岩、沉积物和土壤以及这些地震破裂产生的新断层表面，（2）在随后参与这些破裂的多个过去地震周期期间产生和变形的断层破坏，（3）来自沿着破裂的新起泡泉和靠近这些断层的现有温泉的沃茨和气体，和（4）在所有样品位置沿断裂沿着的原位CO2通量测量。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为是值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。

This project involves sampling rock, sediment, water, and gas associated with the catastrophic MW 7.8 and MW 7.5 Kahramanmaras earthquake ruptures in Turkey. These samples are critical for addressing how the physical and chemical properties of the near-surface environment influence how earthquake ruptures propagate or stop, and how earthquakes change groundwater migration along faults. Because scientists working on seismically active faults that have not experienced recent earthquakes commonly have to infer whether rocks observed in the field formed and deformed during an earthquake, these new samples will benchmark characteristics that are unique to earthquake deformation. Thus, these samples will inform on-going and future studies of large-magnitude earthquake-generating faults world-wide. The US PIs, including a female STEM researcher, will work closely with Turkish colleagues and expand research, education, and training opportunities by mentoring a Turkish undergraduate from Istanbul Technical University in field work.This projects centers on the recent MW 7.8 and MW 7.5 Kahramanmaras earthquake sequence and associated surface rupture in Turkey and is an unprecedented and time-sensitive opportunity to sample Earth materials and fluids that directly participated in surface ruptures during these catastrophic events. The PIs will leverage new mapping of both surface ruptures to sample (1) fault rocks, sediments, and soils from discrete scarps and new fault surfaces produced by these earthquake ruptures, (2) fault damage created and deformed during multiple past earthquake cycles that subsequently participated in these ruptures, (3) waters and gases from new bubbling springs along the ruptures and existing thermal springs proximal to these faults, and (4) in situ CO2 flux measurements along the ruptures at all sample locationsThis award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.