Early Life Antecedents Predicting Adult Daily Affective Reactivity to Stress

早期生活经历预测成人对压力的日常情感反应

• 批准号: 2336167
• 负责人: Allison Farrell
• 金额: $ 64.87万
• 依托单位: Miami University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-04-01 至 2027-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2336167&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Early; Life; Antecedents; Predicting; Adult

When people experience stress, their positive emotions (e.g., joy, excitement, contentment) often decrease, and their negative emotions (e.g., anxiety, frustration, and anger) tend to increase. However, people vary in how much their emotions change with stress. This is called "daily affective reactivity to stress." Having greater affective reactivity is associated with poor outcomes including worse well-being, higher risks of mental and physical health problems, and dying earlier. This project investigates whether and how experiences during childhood, such as experiencing maltreatment and stress or receiving high quality parenting, predict daily affective reactivity to stress in adulthood. This project also investigates how the use of coping strategies in adulthood, such as seeking support, exercising, or using drugs or alcohol, might change or explain the links between childhood experiences and daily affective reactivity to stress in adulthood. The research informs the design of effective interventions for helping people respond constructively to daily stress. This project builds on the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation, a longitudinal study that has followed a sample of people born into poverty for over 50 years. Now, with participants at age 50, this project has them complete 14 daily surveys reflecting on the stressful events that occur each day and how they respond in terms of positive and negative affect, support seeking, substance use, and exercise. These data are used to test whether early experiences predict daily affective reactivity to stress by looking at measures of maltreatment, life stress, and maternal sensitivity that were collected during the participants’ infancy and childhood. Two competing theoretical models of how early experiences shape adult stress reactivity are tested. The stress sensitization model proposes that adverse early experiences lead to greater reactivity to stressors in adulthood, with positive early experiences having protective effects. The stress inoculation model proposes that individuals with very high or very low early adversity will be more reactive to stress in adulthood, and individuals who experience moderate early adversity will be less reactive to stress. Detailed analyses of moderation and mediation effects determine whether tendencies to engage in support seeking, exercise, and substance use in response to stress change or explain links between early experiences and daily affective reactivity to stress. Results are shared with intervention and policy organizations to encourage application.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

当人们经历压力时，他们的积极情绪（例如，快乐、兴奋、满足）经常减少，并且他们的负面情绪（例如，焦虑、沮丧和愤怒）倾向于增加。然而，人们的情绪随着压力的变化而变化。这就是所谓的“日常情绪反应压力。“情感反应越大，结果越差，包括幸福感越差，精神和身体健康问题的风险越高，以及死亡越早。该项目调查了童年时期的经历，例如经历虐待和压力或接受高质量的养育，是否以及如何预测成年后对压力的日常情感反应。该项目还调查了如何在成年期使用应对策略，如寻求支持，锻炼，或使用药物或酒精，可能会改变或解释童年经历和成年期日常情感反应之间的联系。这项研究为设计有效的干预措施提供了信息，以帮助人们建设性地应对日常压力。该项目建立在明尼苏达州风险和适应纵向研究的基础上，这是一项纵向研究，对出生贫困的人进行了50多年的抽样调查。现在，50岁的参与者，这个项目让他们完成14个日常调查，反映每天发生的压力事件，以及他们在积极和消极影响，寻求支持，物质使用和锻炼方面的反应。这些数据被用来测试早期经历是否预测日常情感反应的压力，通过观察虐待，生活压力，和母亲的敏感性，在参与者的婴儿期和儿童期收集的措施。两个竞争的理论模型如何早期的经验塑造成人的压力反应进行了测试。压力敏感化模型认为，不良的早期经历会导致成年后对压力源的更大反应，而积极的早期经历则具有保护作用。压力接种模型提出，早期逆境非常高或非常低的个体在成年后对压力的反应更强，而经历中度早期逆境的个体对压力的反应更弱。温和和调解效果的详细分析，确定是否倾向于从事寻求支持，运动和物质使用，以应对压力的变化或解释早期经验和日常情感反应之间的联系，以压力。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。