NSF Convergence Accelerator Track H: Visit Unknown Places Confidently: Mapping for Accessible BuiLt Environments (MABLE)

在不熟悉的室内建筑环境中寻路和导航对许多残疾人来说是具有挑战性的命题。盲人或低视力的用户由于缺乏无障碍的标志和他们无法创建一个空间的心理地图而挣扎。有行动障碍的人很难确定可到达的路线，也很难预先知道他们可能遇到的潜在挑战。有认知障碍的人很难创造或回忆起他们可能制作的心理地图。在不熟悉的空间中航行的这些挑战是残疾人持续焦虑的根源，也是平等参与社会和经济生活的障碍。无障碍空间减少了残疾人使用服务和设施的障碍，增加了他们独立进行日常活动的范围，融入了工作队伍，提高了生产力。建议项目的长远目标，是透过建立可达性绘图（MABLE），改善残疾人士在室内建筑环境内及周围的可达性。MABLE将提供室内环境的数字无障碍地图，并提供一个界面，用于根据用户的能力和能力在其中进行评估、规划和导航。它还允许用户根据自己的经验和观察来增强地图。设想的用户包括有视觉或行动障碍的人（盲人、低视力者、轮椅使用者、手杖使用者等）以及其他类别的残疾人，以及希望获得规划和导航帮助的非残疾人。实现室内地图的可扩展性和可访问性是一个具有挑战性的命题。专注于可扩展的可访问性映射的公司倾向于优先考虑那些没有覆盖导航所需的丰富性的功能或产品。专注于无访问性地图的公司强调可扩展的产品，减少了劳动力需求和支持深度学习的图像处理。其他依赖于用户贡献的可扩展性不能保证信息的丰富性和完整性，并且没有集成能够使用上下文信息实现实时逐向导航和探索的本地化工具。为了实现可扩展性和可访问性，MABLE建议利用人工智能、建筑建模、机器人、AR/VR视觉场景推理和低功耗消费电子产品方面的进步。MABLE将使用深度学习增强图像处理算法直接从平面图中提取大多数与可访问性相关的信息，任何缺失的信息都可以通过机器人测绘和测量，以及利益相关者和用户的贡献来增强。此外，通过量化一系列室内定位技术的定位性能和成本，MABLE产品将创建最适合利益相关者的定制定位部署，从而鼓励更广泛的采用。该项目将在收集、处理和评估建筑环境中可达性信息的领域创造新的知识。除了可持续发展模型，该项目还将创建新的框架，用于量化可访问建筑环境的经济效益，包括未来经济增长潜力、成本节约和投资回报。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Wayfinding and navigation within unfamiliar indoor built environments are challenging propositions for many persons with disabilities. Blind or low-vision users struggle due to the lack of accessible signage and their inability to create a mental map of the space. Individuals with mobility impairments find it difficult to identify accessible routes and know upfront about potential challenges they may encounter. Individuals with cognitive impairments struggle to create or recollect mental maps they may have made. Such challenges in navigating unfamiliar spaces are a source of constant anxiety for persons with disabilities (PWDs) and a barrier to equal participation in social and economic life. Accessible spaces reduce barriers for PWDs to using services and amenities, increasing the range of regular activities conducted independently, integrating into the workforce, and increasing productivity. The proposed project has the long-term goal of improving accessibility for PWDs within and around indoor built environments through the creation of MABLE (Mapping for Accessibility in BuiLt Environments). MABLE will provide digital accessibility maps of indoor environments with an interface for assessing, planning, and navigating within them based on the affordances and capabilities of the user. It will also permit map augmentation by users based on their experiences and observations. Envisioned users include persons with visual or mobility impairments (blind, low vision, wheelchair users, cane users, etc.) as well as other categories of disabilities, and persons without disabilities who desire planning and navigation assistance. Achieving both scalability and accessibility with indoor maps is a challenging proposition. Companies focused on accessibility mapping that can scale tend to prioritize features or offerings that do not cover the richness needed for navigation. Companies that focus on mapping without accessibility emphasize scalable offerings with reduced labor demands and deep learning enabled image processing. Others that rely on user contributions for scalability cannot guarantee richness and completeness of information, and do not integrate localization tools that can enable real-time turn-by-turn navigation and exploration using contextual information. To achieve both scalability and accessibility, MABLE proposes to leverage advances in AI, building modeling, robotics, AR/VR visual scene reasoning, and low-power consumer electronics. MABLE will extract most accessibility-related information directly from floor plans using deep-learning augmented image-processing algorithms, and any missing information can be augmented through robot mapping and surveying, and stakeholder and user contributions. Further, by quantifying the localization performance and costs of an array of indoor localization technologies, the MABLE product will create custom localization deployments that work best for a stakeholder, encouraging greater adoption. The project will create new knowledge in the areas of collection, processing, and evaluation of accessibility information from built environments. In addition to a sustainability model, the project will also create new frameworks for quantifying economic benefits from accessible built environments encompassing perspectives of future economic growth potential, cost savings, and return on investments.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.