Discovering the Magmatic Plumbing System Beneath Mount Erebus with its Seismic Activity

非技术摘要：埃里伯斯火山是位于南极洲罗斯岛上的一座活火山，其山顶的熔岩湖经常发生爆炸。尽管埃里伯斯火山已经活跃了几十年，但人们对岩浆如何从地幔输送到山顶的熔岩湖知之甚少。先前对埃里伯斯火山的地震学研究主要集中在熔岩湖的爆炸或火山侧翼的冰震上，这只能调查岩浆管道系统的上部。然而，这些研究并没有对埃里伯斯火山的所有地震活动提供系统的分析，也没有提供关于更深层岩浆过程的信息。该项目将使用人工智能技术在过去三十年的地震数据中识别和定位新的地震。这些新的地震可能突出了埃里伯斯山下以前不受约束的岩浆系统活动部分。该项目还将提供研究机会，以扩大新墨西哥大学一名早期职业研究员和一名本科生的培训。技术摘要：本项目将研究埃里伯斯火山（南极洲）下的岩浆管道系统，埃里伯斯火山是一座山顶有熔岩湖的活火山。埃里伯斯火山已经活跃了几十年，多个地震站记录了冰震和熔岩湖爆炸等地震信号。然而，对埃里伯斯火山的地震活动还没有系统的分析，以测试其他地震信号的频率，如火山构造事件或深长周期事件。该研究将对所有公开的地震数据应用几种深度学习算法，目的是检测、定位和描述埃里伯斯山的全范围地震活动。这种新的地震活动性综合分析将更好地揭示岩浆管道系统的动力学，并将回答一些关键问题，如(1)岩浆系统的哪些部分地震活跃？（ii）在熔岩湖喷发活动之前、期间或之后，地震活动频率或地震活动类型是否有任何变化？（三）地震活动性是否反映了火山内部的一种或多种物理机制（缓慢的断层破裂、充满流体的裂缝的共振、岩浆脱气等）？该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Non-technical abstract: Mount Erebus is an active volcano located on Ross Island in Antarctica, with frequent explosions in the lava lake at its summit. Although Mount Erebus has been active for several decades, much less is known about how magma is transported from the mantle to the lava lake at the summit. Prior seismological studies at Mount Erebus have focused on the explosions of the lava lake or the icequakes at the flanks of the volcano which only allow investigating the upper part of the magmatic plumbing system. However, these studies have not provided a systematic analysis of all the seismicity present at Mt. Erebus nor information about the deeper magmatic processes. This project will use artificial intelligence techniques to identify and locate new earthquakes in seismic data from the past three decades. These new earthquakes may highlight previously unconstrained parts of the magmatic system activity beneath Mt. Erebus. The project also will provide research opportunities to broaden the training of an early career researcher and one undergraduate student at the University of New Mexico. Technical abstract: This project will study the magmatic plumbing system beneath Mount Erebus (Antarctica), an active volcano with a lava lake at its summit. Mount Erebus has been active for several decades and multiple seismological stations have recorded seismic signals such as icequakes and explosions from the lava lake. However, there has not been a systematic analysis of the seismicity at Mount Erebus to test the frequency of other seismic signals such as volcano-tectonic events or deep long period events. This research will apply several deep learning algorithms to all publicly available seismic data with the objectives of detecting, locating, and characterizing the full range of seismicity at Mt. Erebus. This new comprehensive analysis of seismicity will better reveal the dynamics of the magmatic plumbing system and will answer key questions such as (i) What parts of the magmatic system are seismically active? (ii) Are there any changes in the seismicity rate or the type of seismicity before, during, or after the eruptive activity at the lava lake? and (iii) Does the seismicity reflect one or more physical mechanisms (slow fault ruptures, the resonance of a fluid-filled crack, magma degassing, etc.) within the volcano?This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.