Collaborative Research: NSFGEO-NERC: MEZCAL: Methods for Extending the horiZontal Coverage of the Amoc Latitudinally and back in time (MEZCAL)

MEZCAL的总体目标是在间接观测中监测大西洋经向翻转环流（AMOC）的时空演变。MEZCAL将通过提供以下目标来实现这一目标：O1)使用经过验证的重建技术，从间接观测设计和实施时空完整的AMOC框架。O2)使用机器学习和伴随方法向后扩展AMOC记录。O3)就AMOC监测框架和强化观测提出建议，以确保未来AMOC监测系统的可持续性。除了为与气候变化相关的重要科学进步做出贡献外，该项目还将支持两名早期职业科学家（Le Bras和Amrhein）以及一名博士后。Le Bras致力于通过与学生、公众和媒体平台的对话，将这个项目的成果传达给广泛的受众。她将继续参与组织海洋学LGBTQ+社区的工作。在本项目和美国国家科学基金会支持的FOCUS项目（OCE-2123692）的支持下，Piecuch将确保MEZCAL的研究结果和海平面影响传达给沿海利益相关者和从业者。Amrhein致力于通过社区地球系统模型和NCAR的努力开发社区软件和科学资源，包括率先进行数据同化和区域建模工作，以跨尺度交流气候影响。他也是古气候建模和数据社区的活跃成员，并将作为AMOC科学的跨学科桥梁。通过在空间和时间上扩展基于观测的AMOC记录，MEZCAL将实现重大的科学发现。它将讨论AMOC在上个世纪是否下降，以及AMOC的经向连通性和结构是什么：这两个问题都是为了更好地了解我们的气候系统而解决的重要问题。MEZCAL将为AMOC观测系统提供建议，这将有利于更广泛的海洋观测界，而建模工作将提供对气候模式偏差的深入了解。这是一个由美国国家科学基金会地球科学理事会（NSF/GEO）和英国国家环境研究委员会（NERC）通过NSF/GEO-NERC牵头机构协议共同资助的项目。该协议允许美国/英国提交一份联合提案，并由其调查员拥有最大比例预算的机构进行同行评审。在成功地共同确定一个奖项推荐后，每个机构资助预算的比例，以支持各自国家机构的科学家。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The overarching aim of MEZCAL is to make a step change in monitoring the spatiotemporal evolution of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) from indirect observations. MEZCAL will achieve this aim by delivering the following objectives: O1) Design and implement a spatiotemporally complete AMOC framework from indirect observations using proven reconstruction techniques. O2) Extend AMOC records backwards in time using machine learning and adjoint methods. O3) Make recommendations for an AMOC monitoring framework and enhanced observations to ensure a sustainable future AMOC monitoring system. In addition to contributing important scientific advancements relevant to our changing climate, this project will support two early career scientists (Le Bras and Amrhein) as well as a postdoc. Le Bras is committed to communicating the results of this project to a broad audience through talks with students, the public, and media platforms. She will continue to participate in organizing efforts for the oceanographic LGBTQ+ community. With support from this project and NSF-supported project FOCUS (OCE-2123692), Piecuch will ensure that findings from MEZCAL and the sea-level implications are communicated to coastal stakeholders and practitioners. Amrhein is committed to developing community software and scientific resources through efforts with the Community Earth System Model and NCAR, including spearheading data assimilation and regional modeling efforts to communicate climate impacts across scales. He is also an active member of the paleoclimate modeling and data community, and will serve as a cross-disciplinary bridge for AMOC science. By extending observation-based AMOC records spatially and backwards in time, MEZCAL will enable significant scientific discovery. It will address whether the AMOC has declined in the last century, and what the meridional connectivity and structure of the AMOC is: both important questions to address to better understand our climate system. MEZCAL will provide recommendations for the AMOC observing system, which will benefit the wider oceanographic observing community, and the modeling work will provide insight into climate model biases.This is a project jointly funded by the National Science Foundation’s Directorate for Geosciences (NSF/GEO) and the National Environment Research Council (NERC) of the United Kingdom (UK) via the NSF/GEO-NERC Lead Agency Agreement. This Agreement allows a single joint US/UK proposal to be submitted and peer-reviewed by the Agency whose investigator has the largest proportion of the budget. Upon successful joint determination of an award recommendation, each Agency funds the proportion of the budget that supports scientists at institutions in their respective countries.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.