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A basal tetanuran theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Argentina: implications for the early evolution of tetanuran theropods

阿根廷中侏罗世的一种基础坚龙兽脚亚目恐龙：对坚龙兽脚亚目早期进化的影响

基本信息

批准号：
261407141
负责人：
Professor Dr. Oliver Rauhut, Ph.D.
金额：
--
依托单位：
Sektion Paläontologie und Geobiologie
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2013-12-31 至 2018-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/261407141?language=en
关键词：
basal tetanuran theropod dinosaur Middle

项目摘要

Theropod dinosaurs represent one of the most conspicuous components of Mesozoic vertebrate faunas and, in the form of birds, account for approximately one third of modern tetrapods. Recent research has demonstrated that theropods underwent an explosive radiation during the Jurassic, and most important lineages were established during this time. The main lineage radiating during this period are the tetanurans, which include well-known fossil forms, such as Allosaurus, Tyrannosaurus or Velociraptor, but also the birds. Tetanurans first appear in the early Middle Jurassic, and by the end of the period, all major lineages are established. However, especially the Middle Jurassic record of theropod dinosaurs is extremely poor, and most basal tetanuran taxa are represented by very incomplete material. Consequently, the early evolution and the phylogenetic interrelationships between basal tetanurans are still poorly understood. Recent fieldwork in the early Middle Jurassic (Aalenian-Bajocian) of Chubut Province, Argentina, resulted in the discovery of a partial theropod skeleton, including an almost complete skull, presacral vertebral column, forelimbs, and partial hindlimbs. This specimen represents the most complete basal tetanuran recovered from the Middle Jurassic and shows a unique combination of characters, including features that were hitherto considered apomorphic for different clades or even different species of basal tetanurans. The objective of the current project is thus a detailed description and analysis of this new basal tetanuran to evaluate its impact on our understanding of basal tetanuran evolution. We will describe and document the new taxon in detail and elaborate a large phylogenetic dataset, including several recently published phylogenetic matrices for basal theropods. The inclusion of the new taxon and the analysis of this matrix will result in new insights into the interrelationships of basal tetanurans as well as character distribution and homoplasy levels at the base of this important theropod lineage.

兽脚类恐龙是中生代脊椎动物群中最显著的组成部分之一，以鸟类的形式出现，约占现代四足动物的三分之一。最近的研究表明，兽脚亚目恐龙在侏罗纪期间经历了爆炸性的辐射，大多数重要的谱系都是在这段时间建立的。这一时期的主要分支是破伤风类恐龙，其中包括著名的化石形式，如异特龙，暴龙或速龙，但也包括鸟类。Tetanurans最早出现在中侏罗世早期，到该时期结束时，所有主要的谱系都已建立。然而，尤其是中侏罗世兽脚类恐龙的记录极其贫乏，大多数基底破伤风类动物的资料也非常不完整。因此，早期进化和系统发育之间的相互关系基础破伤风仍然知之甚少。最近在阿根廷丘布特省中侏罗世早期（Aalenian-Bajocian）的野外工作发现了部分兽脚类恐龙骨骼，包括几乎完整的头骨，骶前脊柱，前肢和部分后肢。该标本代表了从中侏罗世发现的最完整的基底破伤风类化石，并显示出独特的特征组合，包括迄今为止被认为是不同分支甚至不同种类的基底破伤风类化石的近形特征。因此，本项目的目标是详细描述和分析这种新的基础破伤风，以评估其对我们理解基础破伤风演变的影响。我们将详细描述和记录新的分类群，并详细说明一个大型的系统发育数据集，包括几个最近发表的系统发育矩阵的基础兽脚类。列入新的分类单元和分析这个矩阵将导致新的见解的相互关系的基础tetanurans以及字符分布和同质性水平在这个重要的兽脚亚目的基础。