Work, Colonial Racism, Anti-Semitism: Historical Relations

从目前关于殖民主义和国家社会主义的可比性的辩论出发，研究项目涉及殖民种族主义和反犹太主义之间的关系。据推测，殖民主义和反犹太主义对“自我”和“他者”的定义都是基于“工作”的主题。因此，我将集中讨论构成工作（或勤奋、懒惰、自利）和归属感之间特定一致性的归因。我们的任务是展示这些属性是如何相互干扰的，尽管我们也会讨论知识形成之间的差异。本研究项目将主要集中在德语作者身上。它被设计为一个历时性的分析，从1800年左右开始，到1933年国家社会主义夺取政权结束。重建的殖民和反犹太人之间的工作，自我和其他的关系的形状是本研究的核心。以下假设被作为基础：当被殖民者处于一种（自然）状态，可以说是“工作前”，犹太人与所谓的破坏性活动，这可以被描述为“反工作”。这两种属性都符合这样一种观点，即基督教/白色/雅利安人的特定职业道德是几个世纪以来由于纪律过程而出现的，这种职业道德的特点是勤奋和公共利益，因此包含了普遍的更高价值。在殖民地环境中，这种工作伦理起到了某种出口打击的作用：“通过工作提高殖民者的地位”几乎是每一个殖民计划的重要组成部分。反过来，反犹太主义要求保护这种工作道德不受“反工作”的影响。同时，它将展示这一点以及这些表达如何相互关联。在这方面，我的目的是概述一个研究的角度来看，结合在和排斥的不同机制。这也是为了努力克服种族主义研究与反犹太主义研究之间的学科界限，在方法论方面，研究项目的方向是交叉方法和历史话语分析。因此，我的出发点是，不同形式的社会不平等往往在经验上相互关联。我还假定，确立了不平等的断言的特定历史形态涉及知识和权力之间的相互作用，以及可以说和可以想的东西的界限的相应边界。

Starting from current debates about the comparability of colonialism and National Socialism the research project deals with the relations between colonial racism and anti-Semitism. It is assumed that both, colonial and anti-Semitic definitions of 'the Self' and 'the Other' were based among other things on the topos of 'work'. Therefore, I will focus on attributions that constituted a specific coherence between work (or diligence, laziness, self-interest) and belonging. The task is to demonstrate how these attributions interfered mutually although the differences between the formations of knowledge in question will be addressed, too.This research project will concentrate mainly on German speaking authors. It is designed as a diachronic analysis starting around 1800 and ending with the National Socialist seizure of power in 1933. The reconstruction of colonial and anti-Semitic shapings of the relations between work, self and other is central to this study. The following hypothesis is taken as a basis: While the colonized were situated in a (natural) state so to speak 'before work', Jews were associated with allegedly destructive activities, which can be described as 'anti-work'. Both attributions corresponded with the idea that a specific Christian/white/Aryan work ethics had emerged throughout the centuries as a result of a process of disciplining, and that this work ethics is characterized through diligence and public interest and therefore contains a general higher value. In the colonial setting this work ethics functioned as some kind of export hit: To 'raise the colonized to and through work' was an essential part of almost every colonial program. In turn, anti-Semitism called for the protection of this work ethics against the effects of 'anti-work'.This research project will differentiate between these articulations of work ethics in question. Simultaneously, it will show that and how these articulations referred to each other. In this respect my aim is to outline a research perspective that combines the diverse mechanisms of in- and exclusion. This is also meant as an effort to overcome the disciplinary boundaries between research in racism on the one hand and anti-Semitism on the other hand.In methodological terms the research project is orientated on the intersectional approach as well as on the historical discourse analysis. Accordingly, I emanate from the premise that different forms of social inequality are often linked to each other empirically. I also presuppose that specific historical formations of assertions, in which inequality was established, refer to the interactions between knowledge and power and to the corresponding boundaries of the limits of what can be said and thought.