Regional coastal sea level change and sea level topography from altimetry, oceanography, and tide gauge stations in Europe

沿海地区是卫星测高面临的主要挑战之一，这是由于高度计信号的恶化和沿海地区的环境校正。这些海岸效应阻碍了将测高数据与验潮数据结合起来用于卫星高度计校准、海平面变化确定和海平面趋势相互验证，提案的主题是改进沿海地区海平面变化的估计。其目的有两个：a）监测长期海平面变化; B）评估高度计技术在沿海/边缘地区的适用性。选择了两个具有互补特征的区域，即大西洋大陆架上的比斯开湾和半封闭地中海盆地中的地中海西北部，这项工作是根据新获得的高频（10赫兹以上）测高数据和更适合沿海地区的改进的高度计校正。采用局部改正和专用波形处理相结合的方法，可以提高沿海测高精度。此外，还将使用和分析标准1 Hz数据。多卫星测高和验潮数据的结合将提高海平面变化估计的空间和时间分辨率。讨论了多卫星高度计数据的区域统一问题，并对海平面高度测量的差异进行了调查。验潮站数据被用作地面实况，以调查海平面测量的变化和绝对位置。除平均海平面和大地水准面模型外，还使用当地正压和海洋学模型的修正以及当地潮汐模型的剩余潮汐效应，以提高测高和验潮测量之间的一致性，在本项目的框架内，将通过最佳地结合新的测高数据集和非均匀数据，开发建立改进的海平面变化和平均动态地形模型的方法潮汐测量仪和海洋学模型。

Coastal Areas are one of major challenges for Satellite Altimetry due to deterioration of altimeter signals and environmental corrections to altimetry near to the coast. The use of altimetry data in combination with tide gauge data for satellite altimeter calibration, sea level variability (SLV) determination and mutual validation of trends in sea levels is hindered by these coastal effects.Topic of the proposal is the improved estimation of sea level variability in coastal areas. The aim is twofold a) to monitor the long-term sea level variability and b) to assess the applicability of altimeter techniques in coastal/marginal regions. Two regions with complementary characteristics are selected, namely the Gulf of Biscay on the Atlantic Ocean shelf and the north-western Mediterranean Sea in the semi-enclosed Mediterranean Sea basin.The work is based on newly available altimetry data at high frequency (10 Hz of higher) and on improved altimeter corrections better suitable for coastal areas. With a combination of local corrections and dedicated waveform processing the accuracy of altimetric measurements in coastal region shall be improved. The standard 1-Hz data will be used and analyzed in addition. The combination of multi-satellite altimetry and tide gauge data shall improve the spatial and temporal resolution of the estimated sea level variability. The regional unification of multi-satellite altimeter data is addressed and discrepancies in the sea level height measurements are investigated. Tide gauge station data are used as ground truth to investigate both variability and absolute location of the sea level measurements. Correction from local barotropic and oceanographic models and of residual tidal effects from local tidal models are used in addition to mean sea level and geoid models to improve the agreement between altimetry and tide gauge measurements.In the framework of this project methodologies will be developed to construct improved models of sea level variability and of mean dynamic topography by optimally combing the new altimetry dataset and the heterogeneous data from tide gauges and oceanographic models.