Imagines imperii. Die Wahrnehmung des Reiches und der Deutschen durch die römische Kurie im Reformationsjahrhundert (1523-1585)

鉴于大量信息汇聚到罗马，我们应该调查一下，如果真的如我们所想的那样，教皇们是欧洲最消息灵通的君主的话“。几年前，国际上备受尊敬的历史学家沃尔夫冈·莱因哈德表达了这一愿望。无论罗马是否毫无疑问地暗示着信息的交叉点，至少对罗马天主教社区来说，最近的研究给人留下了一个过于积极的形象。还有什么比这更明显的--无视在近代初欧洲扩张过程中发现的“新世界”--面对起草的问题，就像在马丁·路德和新教改革的故乡一样，这在16‘^世纪受到了许多深刻的修改(教会-宗教、社会、文化以及政治)？本研究试图为这一讨论带来一些启发。它为自己设定了一个目标，即在西方基督教分离的背景下，分析罗马帝国和德国民众的看法。这种系统的研究到目前为止还没有进行过，但从20世纪60年代以来的德国早期近代史研究中，16世纪的罗马与德国的关系基本上没有人关注。除了教皇和帝国之间的关系等经典领域外，本专著还致力于建立一个历史人类学观点，研究新教改革世纪德国大使的生活和经验环境，例如关于他们对空间和时间、疾病和死亡的看法、性别比例以及不同的忏悔经历。此外，本文还分析了罗马在与德国人接触时所进行的语言和文化翻译表演。在此背景下，除了语言习惯和流利性的方面，还考察了语言意识的问题。本研究运用政治学的研究方法和话语分析的方法，对在职公务员的心态和自我形象以及知识的生成过程进行了研究。在双重视角下，本研究还考察了罗马教廷的叙事历史建构过程。罗马人对帝国和德国人口的肤浅看法，是出人意料的复杂和多样化。在几个方面，罗马的有形概念仍然--也是在忏悔时期--指的是欧洲的话语世界。

In view of numerous information, streaming together to Rome, we should survey, if in fact the popes have been the most well-informed monarchs in Europe, as we would like to assume". A few years ago, this desideratum was expressed by the internationally well-respected historian Wolfgang Reinhard. Whether Rome without any doubt implied to be a cross-point of information, at least for the Roman Catholic community, recent researches are shading a far too positive image. How could it be more obvious - disregarded from the ¿New World", that was discovered in the beginning of the modern times in the course of the European expansion - to face up the drafted problem as in the homeland of Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation, which was subject to numerous profound modifications in the 16'^ century (ecclesiastic-religious, social, and cultural as well as political)? The present study attempts to bring some light into the discussion. It has set itself the target to offer an analysis about the roman-curial perception of the empire and the German population in a context of separation of the occidental Christianitas. Such a systematic research has not been conducted up to now; anyway, the Roman-German relationship of the 16th century was largely unattended in German researches of Early Modern History since the 1960s. Beside the classic domains as the relationship between papacy and empire the present monograph is dedicated to the founding of a historic-anthropological view of living and experience environments of nuncios in Germany in the century of Protestant Reformation, for example in regard to their perception of space and time, disease and death, gender ratio as well as different confessional experiences. Furthermore the analysis extends to the linguistic and cultural translation performances that Rome had to effect in touch with the German population. In this context, in addition to aspects of language habits and fluency, also problems of linguistic awareness are examined. By use of political methods and discourse analysis, the present study follows a reconstruction of mindset and self-image at curial office-holders as well as processes of generating knowledge. In a double perspectivation this research study considers additionally processes of narrative history construction at the Roman Curia. The Roman curial perception of the empire and the German population crystallises as unexpectedly complex and diverse. In several aspects, tangible conceptions in Rome still refer - also in the confessional period - to a European World of discourse.