Imagines imperii. Die Wahrnehmung des Reiches und der Deutschen durch die römische Kurie im Reformationsjahrhundert (1523-1585)

鉴于涌入罗马的大量信息，我们应该调查一下，教皇们是否真的如我们所愿，是欧洲消息最灵通的君主。”几年前，国际知名历史学家沃尔夫冈·莱因哈德（Wolfgang Reinhard）表达了这一愿望。无论罗马是否毫无疑问是一个信息交叉点，至少对于罗马天主教社区来说，最近的研究都掩盖了一个过于积极的形象。在近代开始的欧洲扩张过程中发现的“新世界”中，面对马丁·路德和新教改革的家乡所面临的起草问题，这在16世纪受到了无数深刻的修改（教会-宗教，社会，文化以及政治），还有什么比这更明显呢？本研究试图为这一讨论带来一些启示。它设定了自己的目标，在西方基督教分离的背景下，分析罗马罗马教廷对帝国和德意志人口的看法。这种系统的研究至今尚未开展；无论如何，自20世纪60年代以来，在德国的早期近代史研究中，16世纪的罗马-德国关系基本上是无人关注的。除了教皇与帝国的关系等经典领域外，本专著致力于建立新教改革世纪德国大使的生活和体验环境的历史人类学观点，例如他们对空间和时间的感知，疾病和死亡，性别比例以及不同的忏悔经历。此外，分析延伸到语言和文化的翻译表演，罗马必须影响与德国人口的接触。在这种情况下，除了语言习惯和流利性方面，还研究了语言意识的问题。本研究运用政治方法和话语分析，对文化工作者的心态和自我形象及其知识生成过程进行了重构。本研究以双重视角考察罗马教廷叙事历史建构的其他过程。罗马教廷对帝国和日耳曼人口的看法出人意料地复杂多样。在几个方面，罗马的有形概念仍然指的是——同样是在忏悔时期——欧洲的话语世界。

In view of numerous information, streaming together to Rome, we should survey, if in fact the popes have been the most well-informed monarchs in Europe, as we would like to assume". A few years ago, this desideratum was expressed by the internationally well-respected historian Wolfgang Reinhard. Whether Rome without any doubt implied to be a cross-point of information, at least for the Roman Catholic community, recent researches are shading a far too positive image. How could it be more obvious - disregarded from the ¿New World", that was discovered in the beginning of the modern times in the course of the European expansion - to face up the drafted problem as in the homeland of Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation, which was subject to numerous profound modifications in the 16'^ century (ecclesiastic-religious, social, and cultural as well as political)? The present study attempts to bring some light into the discussion. It has set itself the target to offer an analysis about the roman-curial perception of the empire and the German population in a context of separation of the occidental Christianitas. Such a systematic research has not been conducted up to now; anyway, the Roman-German relationship of the 16th century was largely unattended in German researches of Early Modern History since the 1960s. Beside the classic domains as the relationship between papacy and empire the present monograph is dedicated to the founding of a historic-anthropological view of living and experience environments of nuncios in Germany in the century of Protestant Reformation, for example in regard to their perception of space and time, disease and death, gender ratio as well as different confessional experiences. Furthermore the analysis extends to the linguistic and cultural translation performances that Rome had to effect in touch with the German population. In this context, in addition to aspects of language habits and fluency, also problems of linguistic awareness are examined. By use of political methods and discourse analysis, the present study follows a reconstruction of mindset and self-image at curial office-holders as well as processes of generating knowledge. In a double perspectivation this research study considers additionally processes of narrative history construction at the Roman Curia. The Roman curial perception of the empire and the German population crystallises as unexpectedly complex and diverse. In several aspects, tangible conceptions in Rome still refer - also in the confessional period - to a European World of discourse.