Imagines imperii. Die Wahrnehmung des Reiches und der Deutschen durch die römische Kurie im Reformationsjahrhundert (1523-1585)

鉴于大量的信息汇集到罗马，我们应该调查一下，教皇是否确实是欧洲消息最灵通的君主，正如我们所想的那样。”几年前，国际知名历史学家沃尔夫冈·莱因哈德表达了这一愿望。无论罗马无疑意味着至少对于罗马天主教界来说是一个信息的交叉点，但最近的研究正在掩盖一个过于积极的形象。如何才能更明显地忽视这一点？是从近代之初在欧洲扩张过程中发现的“新世界”出发——面对马丁·路德和新教改革的祖国所面临的起草问题，该问题在16世纪经历了无数深刻的修改（教会、宗教、社会、文化以及政治）？本研究试图为讨论带来一些启示。它的目标是在西方基督教分离的背景下，对帝国和德国人民的罗马式看法进行分析。目前还没有进行过如此系统的研究；无论如何，自 20 世纪 60 年代以来，德国早期现代史研究基本上没有关注 16 世纪的罗马与德国关系。除了教皇与帝国之间的关系等经典领域之外，本专着致力于建立新教改革世纪德国大使生活和体验环境的历史人类学观点，例如他们对空间和时间、疾病和死亡、性别比例以及不同宗教经历的感知。此外，分析还延伸到罗马与日耳曼人接触时必须进行的语言和文化翻译表演。在此背景下，除了语言习惯和流畅性方面之外，还考察语言意识的问题。通过使用政治方法和话语分析，本研究追踪了内阁官员的心态和自我形象的重建以及知识的生成过程。本研究从双重角度考虑了罗马教廷叙事历史建构的过程。罗马人对帝国和日耳曼人的看法异常复杂和多样。在几个方面，罗马的具体概念仍然指的是欧洲的话语世界——在忏悔时期也是如此。

In view of numerous information, streaming together to Rome, we should survey, if in fact the popes have been the most well-informed monarchs in Europe, as we would like to assume". A few years ago, this desideratum was expressed by the internationally well-respected historian Wolfgang Reinhard. Whether Rome without any doubt implied to be a cross-point of information, at least for the Roman Catholic community, recent researches are shading a far too positive image. How could it be more obvious - disregarded from the ¿New World", that was discovered in the beginning of the modern times in the course of the European expansion - to face up the drafted problem as in the homeland of Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation, which was subject to numerous profound modifications in the 16'^ century (ecclesiastic-religious, social, and cultural as well as political)? The present study attempts to bring some light into the discussion. It has set itself the target to offer an analysis about the roman-curial perception of the empire and the German population in a context of separation of the occidental Christianitas. Such a systematic research has not been conducted up to now; anyway, the Roman-German relationship of the 16th century was largely unattended in German researches of Early Modern History since the 1960s. Beside the classic domains as the relationship between papacy and empire the present monograph is dedicated to the founding of a historic-anthropological view of living and experience environments of nuncios in Germany in the century of Protestant Reformation, for example in regard to their perception of space and time, disease and death, gender ratio as well as different confessional experiences. Furthermore the analysis extends to the linguistic and cultural translation performances that Rome had to effect in touch with the German population. In this context, in addition to aspects of language habits and fluency, also problems of linguistic awareness are examined. By use of political methods and discourse analysis, the present study follows a reconstruction of mindset and self-image at curial office-holders as well as processes of generating knowledge. In a double perspectivation this research study considers additionally processes of narrative history construction at the Roman Curia. The Roman curial perception of the empire and the German population crystallises as unexpectedly complex and diverse. In several aspects, tangible conceptions in Rome still refer - also in the confessional period - to a European World of discourse.