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HotSpot: High temperature behaviour of potentially toxic and corrosive trace elements in thermal gasification systems

热点：热气化系统中潜在有毒和腐蚀性微量元素的高温行为

基本信息

批准号：
264256142
负责人：
Dr. Marc Bläsing
金额：
--
依托单位：
Institut für Eisenhüttenkunde (IEHK)
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2014-12-31 至 2016-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/264256142?language=en
关键词：
HotSpot temperature behaviour potentially toxic

项目摘要

The thermochemical conversion of carbonic fuels causes the emission of significant amount of trace elements, e.g. heavy metals, arsenic, which can be toxic. In the plant the trace elements can cause corrosion of heat exchangers and turbines, poisoning of catalysts, inactivation of membranes, and in general the efficiency of downstream parts of the plant can decrease, e.g. sequestration of CO2, production of methane and liquid fuels, basic chemicals and fertilisers. Advanced, highly efficient power plant processes, e.g. the integrated gasification combined cycle which can use biomass, derived fuels and coal, need a proper gas cleaning. During the last decades scientific research lead to significant reduction of several air pollutants from the power plants, e.g. SOx, NOx. However, the transformation behaviour of trace elements has not been exhaustively investigated, especially for gasification conditions.The planned study aims the determination of release mechanisms of trace elements As, Pb, Sn, and V, their gas phase chemistry and their condensation behaviour which is the fundament for effective hot gas cleaning. Specific thermodynamic data will be determined as a function of important process parameters of gasifiers (temperature, steam content) and significant trace gases (H2S and HCl). The data will be implemented into a model. The first important methodical focus is the quantification of the influence of the parameters under investigation at gasification conditions. This is important for the modelling, because it put emphasis on the value of the influencing factor. The obtained results will broaden the data base of modelling significantly, because mainly combustion phenomena have been investigated in the past.The second important focus is the determination of gas phase species directly in the hot gas using Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry. The online determination of significant gas phase species will be done for the first time worldwide in this thematic context. It allows to proof theoretical transformation mechanisms by detection of important gas phase species and to modify mechanisms (if necessary) and/or to propose new mechanisms.Finally, the study aims to build up a thermodynamic model of release and condensation of a selected number of trace elements. The model shall be able to describe and explain the transformation behaviour in its essential characteristics and to predict the behaviour for modified process parameters.Further studies can a) include a broader number of significant trace elements, e.g. quicksilver, cadmium, and/or b) focus on process parameters of relevant applications, e.g. for the cement industry or hazardous waste treatment.

碳燃料的热化学转化导致大量痕量元素的排放，例如重金属、砷，其可能是有毒的。在工厂中，微量元素会导致热交换器和涡轮机的腐蚀、催化剂中毒、膜失活，并且通常工厂下游部分的效率会降低，例如CO2的封存、甲烷和液体燃料、基本化学品和肥料的生产。先进、高效的发电厂工艺，例如可以使用生物质、衍生燃料和煤的整体气化联合循环，需要适当的气体清洁。在过去的几十年里，科学研究导致发电厂的几种空气污染物，如SOx，NOx的显着减少。然而，微量元素的转化行为还没有彻底调查，特别是气化condition.The计划的研究旨在确定微量元素As，Pb，Sn，和V的释放机制，其气相化学和冷凝行为，这是有效的热气净化的基础。具体的热力学数据将根据气化炉的重要工艺参数（温度、蒸汽含量）和重要微量气体（H2S和HCl）来确定。这些数据将被应用到一个模型中。第一个重要的方法重点是量化的气化条件下的参数的影响。这对建模很重要，因为它强调了影响因素的价值。所获得的结果将拓宽建模的数据基础显着，因为主要是燃烧现象已在过去的调查。第二个重要的焦点是气相物种的测定直接在热气体中使用分子束质谱。在这一主题背景下，将首次在全球范围内在线确定重要的气相物质。它允许证明理论上的转换机制，通过检测重要的气相物种和修改机制（如有必要）和/或提出新的mechanism.Finally，该研究的目的是建立一个热力学模型的释放和冷凝的选定数量的微量元素。该模型应能描述和解释其基本特性的转化行为，并能预测修改后工艺参数的行为。进一步的研究可a）包括更多的重要微量元素，如水银、镉，和/或B）侧重于相关应用的工艺参数，如水泥工业或危险废物处理。