From Latin to French: Compilation and analysis of a digital corpus of late Latin and old French texts

众所周知，历史比较语言学的重建不能在第一部罗曼史文本和晚期拉丁文之间建立任何直接的联系。在通过比较罗曼史语言而重建的《原始罗曼史》和通过书面记录传递的晚期拉丁语之间，存在着一种空白，这使得人们不可能直接、完全地从拉丁语中衍生出罗曼史结构。这不是一个时间上的差距，因为晚期拉丁语和罗马语变体共存于共同的晚期古代和中世纪早期的交流领域，而是一种功能划分，源于(拉丁语)作为一种交际距离的语言和(罗曼语)变体用于交际接近的互补性。正在讨论的项目试图通过详细研究从(晚期)拉丁语到古法语变体的演变来研究这种复杂的关系。拉丁语和罗曼语语言学的研究人员将致力于从这两个学科的角度揭示这两种语言系统之间的过渡。该项目联合了三个团队：(I)德国团队引入了其在晚期拉丁语领域的语言专业知识。根据德国历史古迹收藏的数字化文本，将与媒体信息学专家合作编制一个带注释的拉丁语语料库。此外，还将开发登记册数字标记和文本及其部分的数字概念简介技术。(2)里昂小组将进一步利用其在建立古法语电子语料库(Base de français médival)方面的经验。研究人员将合并已经存在的旧法语语料库和新生的拉丁语语料库，并提供联合呈现和平行查询选项。此外，该小组还将汇编一个古法语翻译的拉丁文文本的双语语料库。(3)里尔小组协调一个已经成立的研究小组对这一双语语料库的分析，该研究小组汇集了拉丁裔人士和古法语史研究人员。该小组利用该项目提供的数据编写了一本关于从晚期拉丁语向古老法语过渡的手册。在这样做的过程中，所采用的分析和注释策略可以根据它们的可用性和人体工学特征直接进行评估。

It is well known that the reconstructions of Historical-Comparative linguistics cannot establish any direct link between the first Romance texts and late Latin. There is a void between 'Proto-Romance', reconstructed through the comparison of the Romance languages, and late Latin, transmitted by written records, which makes it impossible to derive the Romance structures directly and completely from the Latin ones. It is not a chronological gap, because late Latin and the Romance varieties coexist in the common late antique and early medieval spheres of communication, but rather a functional division which stems from the complementarity of (Latin) as a language of communicative distance and (Romance) varieties employed for communicative proximity. The project in question seeks to investigate this complex relationship by examining in detail the evolution from (late) Latin to the varieties of old French. Researchers of both Latin and Romance linguistics will aim to shed light on the transition between the two language systems from the two respective disciplines. The project unites three teams:(i) The German team brings in its linguistic expertise in the field of late Latin. Based on digitised texts from the collections of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica, an annotated Latin corpus will be compiled in collaboration with specialists from Media Informatics. Moreover, techniques of digital mark-up for registers and digitally based conceptual profiling of texts and their sections are to be developed.(ii) The Lyon team will further build on its experience in constructing electronic corpora of old French (Base de français médiéval). The researchers will merge the already existing old French and the nascent Latin corpus and provide a joint presentation and parallel query options. In addition, the team will be compiling a bilingual corpus of old French translations of Latin texts.(iii) The Lille team coordinates the analysis of this bilingual corpus by an already established research group, which brings together Latinists and researchers of the history of old French. This group uses the data supplied by the project for a handbook dealing with the transition from late Latin to old French. In so doing, the strategies of analysis and annotation pursued can be directly assessed in view of their usability and their ergonomic profile.