A History of Knowledge on Mountains and Woods. Transnational academic discourses and transfer practices, Germany and the U.S. (1850-1950)

该项目利用网络分析模型和现代知识史的基本方法，分析了林业和采矿科学的产生以及社会和跨国分布和修改。在1763年之后德国经济危机的影响下，学术职业化的进程开始了。现代林业和矿物学作为一门新兴学科应运而生。这两个学科都经历了迅速的国际扩张：效仿德国的典范，建立了学校和大学--首先在欧洲，后来在美国--在那里教授和传播自然的“利用”以及可持续发展的概念。然而，除了科学化和经济化之外，还讨论了“自然”的作用及其对社会的意义(神的创造、浪漫的理想化)。这一创造和使用相关知识的多层次过程旨在从两个层面进行研究：首先，将分析德语国家和北美之间的知识转移和修改。德国大学应该通过传记(学生、科学家)和学术交流过程进行审查。该项目将分析这些人和科学网络的影响，这些人故意传递关于自然利用的“德国”思想，并将其应用于自然。并将寻求修改和追溯力。其次，学术本质概念的放置不仅意味着形成一个功能精英。相反，在职业化问题上的冲突很可能发生在学术水平合格和实际活跃的球员之间。除了知识的创造过程外，还可以描述关于该知识的协商过程。借助学术机构的文件和印刷资料，以及通过分析适当的基础，分析了交流过程。这项研究的结果将作为专著出版。

Using models of network analysis and basic approaches of the modern history of knowledge the project analyses the emergence as well as the social and transnational distribution and modification of the forestry and mining sciences. Dominated by the looming consequences of the economic crisis after 1763 in Germany, a process of academic professionalization began. As a result, the modern forestry and the mining science as new scientific disciplines were established. Both disciplines experienced rapid international expansion: Following the "German" paragons, schools and colleges were founded - first in Europe and later in the U.S. - where the "use" of nature as well as sustainability concepts were taught and disseminated. In addition to the scientification and economization however the role of "the nature" and its significance for the society were discussed (divine creation, romantic idealization). This multilayered process of creating and using knowledge associated herewith is intended to be studied at two levels: Firstly, the transfer and modification thereof between the German-speaking countries and North America will be analyzed. The German universities should be examined biographically (students, scientists) and by terms of academic exchange processes. The project will analyze the effect of those individuals and of scientific networks who deliberately transferred "German" ideas about the use of nature and who put them to use. And it will search for the modifications and the retroactive effects. Secondly, the placement of academic nature concepts meant not only the formation of a functional elite. Rather, it is probable that conflicts over professionalization took place between academically qualified and practically active players. Beside the process of creating knowledge the negotiation processes about this knowledge can be described. The exchange processes are analyzed with the help of files and printed sources from academic institutions, as well as through the analysis of appropriate foundations. The results of the study are to be published as a monograph.