SFB 1214: Anisotropic Particles as Building Blocks: Tailoring Shape, Interactions and Structures

SFB 1214：各向异性粒子作为构建块：定制形状、相互作用和结构

• 批准号: 268730352
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Universität Konstanz
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Collaborative Research Centres
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/268730352?language=en
• 关键词: SFB; 1214; Anisotropic; Particles; Building

The natural world offers a plethora of intriguing examples of materials with excellent performance based on ordered arrangements of different submicron phases. Thus, the remarkable resilience of bone or wood arise from synergistic contributions of the different constituents. A comparable organization of synthetic matter is yet beyond the current state of the art. A potential solution is the formation of bulk solids through an assembly of particles. The character, surface and assembly process of the particles ultimately code and determine the internal structure and thus the properties of the final solid. In comparison to their well-studied spherical isotropic counterparts, particles with anisotropic shape or surface chemistry can create an enormously rich variety of mutual directional interactions and superstructures. The corresponding energy landscape is inherently more complex since relative orientations between neighbors become essential. Assembly processes can take various pathways, resulting in very different superstructures determined by the particle properties.Controlling particle attributes such as shape and surface chemistry is the key to tailor their assembly as structural anisotropy can encode orientation-specific interaction potentials. Since such anisotropy arises both on the level of individual particles and their superstructures, the implications are beyond mere structural properties but can also lead to materials with highly directional optical, electronic, magnetic or chemical properties. This route is opened by mastering structural anisotropy to release the full potential of functional anisotropy. Ultimately, a structured assembly of combinations of different particles will provide materials with new collective properties that greatly surpass a simple superposition of the isolated constituents. In order to harness this vast potential, a control of particle anisotropy and their interactions is the key. To reach these goals, the CRC has built up the required interdisciplinary expertise including synthesis, analysis and theory, as well as the connection of soft and hard matter by close cooperation between chemists and physicists to understand and utilize structural anisotropy controlling functional anisotropy of particles for tailored directional interactions and hierarchical assemblies at all scales (time, size and structure). This includes structures, properties and the important metastable transitional states. By development and combination of experimental and theoretical methods, which are operational at all scales, we strive to understand the role of anisotropy of particle shape, surface and interactions in soft assembly and solid formation, with a focus on the investigation of cooperative properties. This moves the CRC focus towards particle ensembles and their properties and thus finally new advanced particle-based materials.

自然界提供了大量有趣的材料示例，这些材料具有基于不同亚微米相有序排列的优异性能。因此，骨头或木材的显着弹性源于不同成分的协同作用。合成物质的类似组织尚超出当前技术水平。一种潜在的解决方案是通过颗粒的聚集形成散装固体。颗粒的特征、表面和组装过程最终编码并决定内部结构，从而决定最终固体的特性。与经过充分研究的球形各向同性对应物相比，具有各向异性形状或表面化学性质的颗粒可以产生极其丰富的相互定向相互作用和超结构。相应的能源格局本质上更加复杂，因为邻居之间的相对方向变得至关重要。组装过程可以采取多种途径，从而产生由粒子特性决定的非常不同的超结构。控制形状和表面化学等粒子属性是定制其组装的关键，因为结构各向异性可以编码特定方向的相互作用势。由于这种各向异性同时出现在单个粒子及其上层结构的水平上，因此其影响不仅仅是结构特性，而且还可能导致材料具有高度定向的光学、电子、磁性或化学特性。通过掌握结构各向异性，释放功能各向异性的全部潜力，开辟了这条道路。最终，不同粒子组合的结构化组装将为材料提供新的集体特性，大大超越孤立成分的简单叠加。为了利用这一巨大潜力，控制粒子各向异性及其相互作用是关键。为了实现这些目标，CRC 建立了所需的跨学科专业知识，包括合成、分析和理论，以及通过化学家和物理学家之间的密切合作建立软物质和硬物质的联系，以理解和利用结构各向异性控制粒子的功能各向异性，以实现所有尺度（时间、尺寸和结构）的定制定向相互作用和分层组装。这包括结构、性质和重要的亚稳态过渡态。通过开发和结合可在所有尺度上操作的实验和理论方法，我们努力了解颗粒形状、表面和相互作用在软组装和固体形成中的各向异性的作用，重点是协同特性的研究。这将 CRC 的重点转向粒子集合及其特性，从而最终转向新型先进的基于粒子的材料。