Demographic Change and the Distribution of Well-being - A Socio-economic Analysis for Germany

在人口变化的背景下，这本书处理了变量社会人口和福祉不平等（德国）之间的关系。在这种情况下，代理变量年龄是最重要的——遵循关于代际公平的指导问题。在此基础上并在社会层面上，对德国来说，几个年龄组之间的关系，即在出生队列意义上年龄差别的几代人之间的关系，在福利不平等方面得到了阐明，特别是“老年人”和“年轻人”之间的关系。除了分析人口变化造成的直接福利影响之外，还考虑了德国老龄化过程中的间接人口影响，即不仅由其他条件不变的变化决定的影响，而且通过与社会和经济变量的相互作用决定的影响。由于可能的社会冲突-由与年龄有关的分配差异引起-在横断面水平上是最重要的，因此对横断面福祉/收入不平等的分析具有相当大的社会政治利益。此外，在书中，一个时期的收入（横断面）分配和（纵向）生活收入分配之间的关系进行了研究-特别是在代际背景下。因此，本书的目的之一是阐述代际福利差异及其决定因素，并在此基础上，以相对全面的角度预测德国的社会人口分配影响。这本书与一场由帕格林和库兹涅茨在20世纪70年代中期发起的国际科学家辩论有关。在这场辩论中，讨论了人口变量对某一时期测量的收入不平等的影响。根据这场辩论，家庭规模和家庭收入彼此呈正相关，家庭收入的结构是反u型的，即与（户主的）年龄呈凹形。综合考虑这两个方面，家庭收入的分布取决于家庭规模的分布和与年龄有关的分布（即户主的年龄）。这本书的主要发现是，与群体间的不平等相比，群体内的不平等占主导地位。间接的人口效应似乎比直接的人口效应更重要。

Admidst the backdrop of demographic change, the book deals with the relationships between the variables socio-demography and well-being inequality (for Germany). In this context, the proxy variable age is most important - following the guiding question concerning generational justice. On this basis and on a societal level, for Germany, the relationship between the several age groups, i. e. between the age-differentiated generations in the sense of birth cohorts is illuminated with respect to well-being inequality - pointedly: between the "old" and the "young".Beyond the analysis of direct well-being effects caused by the demographic change, indirect demographic effects are considered in the context of the process of ageing in Germany, i. e. effects which are not only determined by ceteris-paribus changes but via the interaction with societal and economic variables. Since possible societal conflicts - caused by age-related distributional differences - are most important on a cross-sectional level, the analysis of cross-sectional well-being/income inequality is of considerable socio-political interest. Furthermore, in the book, the relationships between the (cross-sectional) distribution of a period's incomes and (longitudinal) life-income distribution are examined - especially in the intergenerational context. Thus, one of the book's aims is the elaboration of intergenerational well-being differences and their determinants as well as, on this basis, projections concerning socio-demographic distributional effects for Germany in a relatively comprehensive perspective.The book is linked to an international debate of scientists, which was opened by Paglin and Kuznets already in the mid-1970s. In this debate, it is discussed about the impacts of demographic variables on the measured income inequality of a certain period. According to this debate, household size and household income correlate positively with each other, and household incomes are structured inversely u-shaped, i. e. concavely, with respect to age (of the household head). Considering these two aspects together, the distribution of household incomes depends on the distribution of household size and on the age-related distribution (in the sense of household head's age).The book¿s main finding is dominance of the within-group inequality compared with between-group inequality. The indirect demographic effects appear more important than the direct demographic effects.