Print of Thomas Liebert, Technik des frühen Mittelalters. Wassermühlen und sonstige Wasserbauwerke im fränkisch-bajuwarischen Grenzgebiet bei Greding, Mittelfranken

巴伐利亚州<s:1>伦堡-因戈尔施塔特高速铁路的建设，使1995年至2001年的大规模考古发掘成为可能。在Schwarzach-Valley附近的三个考古遗址Großhöbing出土了被水浸湿的特征和发现，包括大约3200根中世纪早期的原木。其中一个遗址显示了一个船只登陆点，最早可追溯到9世纪初，后来经常被改造。在另外两个地方发现了十个水磨的遗迹，它们在6世纪到9世纪之间一个接一个地出现。它还包括磨坝、池塘和渠道的结构。在同一处挖掘处还发现了10世纪、11世纪和12世纪的磨坊结构遗迹。这些液压系统和工艺的发现显示了中世纪早期铣削技术的高水平。这些出土的地貌同时也首次证明了由于人类对资源的利用而引起的河谷生态问题。两个开挖地点的施工阶段平行可能是周期性洪水造成的，这就需要对结构进行重建。通过将中世纪早期的陶瓷发现与建筑阶段联系起来，有可能获得基于树木年代学的年代。

The construction of the high-speed line Nürnberg-Ingolstadt, Bavaria, made possible large scale archaeological excavations in the years 1995-2001. Three archaeological sites in the Schwarzach-Valley next to Großhöbing unearthed waterlogged features and findings, including around 3200 early medieval timber logs. One site revealed a ship landing place, first dated in the early 9th century and often remodelled. On the two other sites the remains of ten watermills were discovered, succeeding one another during 6th to 9th century. It also included structures of mill dams, ponds and channels. Remains of mill structures from 10 th, 11th and 12th century were found at the same dig. These discoveries of hydraulic systems and technics show the high standard of milling technology in early medieval times.The unearthed features demonstrate at the same time first ecological problems in the valley arising due to human use of resources. The parallelism of construction phases on both excavation sites might be caused by periodical floods which made it necessary to rebuild the structures.Through linking the ceramic finds of early medieval times with the construction phases it was possible to gain dendrochronologicaly based datings for them.