Print of Thomas Liebert, Technik des frühen Mittelalters. Wassermühlen und sonstige Wasserbauwerke im fränkisch-bajuwarischen Grenzgebiet bei Greding, Mittelfranken

巴伐利亚州纽伦堡-英戈尔施塔特高速铁路的建设使得1995年至2001年的大规模考古发掘成为可能。在Großhöbing附近的Schwarzach-Valley的三个考古遗址出土了被水淹没的特征和发现，包括大约3200根中世纪早期的原木。其中一个遗址发现了一个船只登陆的地方，最早的日期是在世纪早期，经常被改造。在另外两个遗址上发现了10个水车的遗迹，在6至9世纪世纪期间相继发现。它还包括磨坊水坝，池塘和渠道的结构。在同一次挖掘中发现了10、11和12世纪的磨坊建筑遗迹。这些液压系统和工艺的发现显示了中世纪早期高水平的碾磨技术。同时，出土的特征也表明了由于人类使用资源而引起的山谷生态问题。两个发掘地点的施工阶段的平行性可能是由周期性的洪水造成的，这使得有必要重建结构。通过将中世纪早期的陶瓷发现与施工阶段联系起来，有可能获得基于树木年代学的年代测定。

The construction of the high-speed line Nürnberg-Ingolstadt, Bavaria, made possible large scale archaeological excavations in the years 1995-2001. Three archaeological sites in the Schwarzach-Valley next to Großhöbing unearthed waterlogged features and findings, including around 3200 early medieval timber logs. One site revealed a ship landing place, first dated in the early 9th century and often remodelled. On the two other sites the remains of ten watermills were discovered, succeeding one another during 6th to 9th century. It also included structures of mill dams, ponds and channels. Remains of mill structures from 10 th, 11th and 12th century were found at the same dig. These discoveries of hydraulic systems and technics show the high standard of milling technology in early medieval times.The unearthed features demonstrate at the same time first ecological problems in the valley arising due to human use of resources. The parallelism of construction phases on both excavation sites might be caused by periodical floods which made it necessary to rebuild the structures.Through linking the ceramic finds of early medieval times with the construction phases it was possible to gain dendrochronologicaly based datings for them.