Experimental evolution of the co-adaptation of mais and its pathogen Exserohilum turcicum

玉米与其病原菌Exserohilum turcicum共适应的实验进化

• 批准号: 274467117
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Karl Schmid
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Fachgebiet Nutzpflanzenbiodiversität und Züchtungsinformatik (350b)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2014-12-31 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/274467117?language=en
• 关键词: Experimental; evolution; co; adaptation; mais

Modern agroecosystems are characterised by a low ecological diversity. This leads to a strong evolutionary selection pressure between interacting species like crop plants and their pests. Maize is one of the most widely cultivated crop species worldwide and a highly suitable model for the study of evolutionary processes in agroecosystems because of it high diversity of varieties and genomic variability. In a multi-year experiment, the co-evolution of maize and one of its most important pathogen, the fungus Exserohilum turcicum, will be investigated. This fungus causes Northern Leaf Blight and spreads throughout Central Europe. Two different maize varieties that differ in their resistance against the fungus will be inoculated and the most resistant plants will be selected. The fungi will be separated by the population and transferred into the next generation. This generates a strong selection pressure for co-adaptation between maize and pathogen population. In each of the three planned selection cycles, the maize and pathogen population will be genotyped and investigated with the methods of population genetics. The analysis is aimed at testing whether pathogen evolution differs in response to different host populations and which evolutionary model best describes the change of host and pathogen populations. By such a comparison, statements on the importance of genetic diversity in the crop and its pest for the coevolution can be made the central factors for a rapid co-adaptation can be identified.

现代农业生态系统的特点是生态多样性低。这导致了相互作用的物种（如农作物及其害虫）之间强大的进化选择压力。玉米是世界上种植最广泛的作物之一，由于其品种多样性和基因组变异性，是研究农业生态系统进化过程的一个非常合适的模型。在一个多年的实验中，玉米和它的最重要的病原体之一，真菌玉米大斑病菌的共同进化将被调查。这种真菌导致北方叶枯病，并蔓延到整个中欧。将接种两种不同的玉米品种，它们对真菌的抗性不同，并将选择抗性最强的植物。真菌将被种群分离并转移到下一代。这产生了一个强大的选择压力，玉米和病原菌群体之间的共适应。在三个计划的选择周期中，将对玉米和病原体群体进行基因分型，并采用群体遗传学方法进行调查。分析的目的是测试是否病原体进化不同的响应不同的主机种群和进化模型最好地描述主机和病原体种群的变化。通过这种比较，说明作物及其害虫的遗传多样性对共同进化的重要性，可以确定快速共同适应的核心因素。