TRR 181: Energy transfers in Atmosphere and Ocean

目前，气候模型的特点是能量不一致，误差的大小相当于地球气候系统由于人为温室气体排放造成的能量不平衡。这导致模型中的偏差，限制了它们预测与气候相关的过程和机制的能力，最终影响到气候预测。为了解决这些不足之处，我们迫切需要解决数值和数学性质的模型不一致问题，加深对大气和海洋中三个主要动力机制，即小尺度湍流、重力波和地转平衡运动之间能量转移的物理理解。该CRC汇集了观测和理论物理海洋学和气象学，数值建模和数学方面的专业知识。 对大气和海洋的不同动力状态之间的能量转移有必要的了解，即： 在海洋、大气和耦合模型中开发、测试和实施新的和能量一致的参数化，二. 发展数值和数学方法具有一致的能量。通过解决缺乏理解和不一致的大气和海洋模型的困境，通过过去和未来的CRC工作，我们的愿景是随后建立一个耦合气候系统的能量一致框架，并在物理上发展，数学和数值上一致的大气和海洋模式。在第一阶段，我们朝着实现能量一致和改进的大气和海洋模式的目标迈出了成功的步伐。《儿童权利公约》。我们建议现在过渡到第二阶段的口号下“从模式的一致性，以提高气候模式的准确性”，通过配备新的参数化和数值在第一阶段开发的模式。新的物理和数学概念和更深入的理解，考虑到新的重要过程，将导致在第二阶段新的和更准确的参数化和数值，标志着从区域到全球规模的能量一致的模型又迈出了一大步。

At present, climate models feature energetic inconsistencies, with an error equivalent in magnitude to the energy imbalance of the Earth’s climate system due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. This leads to biases in the models and limits their ability to predict climate-relevant processes and mechanisms which ultimately affects climate projections. To resolve these shortcomings, we urgently need to address model inconsistencies of numerical and mathematical nature by deepening the physical understanding of energy transfers between the three main dynamical regimes in the atmosphere and the ocean, i.e. small-scale turbulence, gravity waves and geostrophically balanced motion. This CRC assembles expertise in observational and theoretical physical oceanography and meteorology, numerical modelling, and mathematics toi. develop the necessary understanding of the energy transfers between the different dynamical regimes of the atmosphere and the ocean,i. develop, test and implement new and energetically consistent parameterizations in ocean, atmosphere and coupled models,ii. develop numerical and mathematical methods featuring consistent energetics.By resolving the dilemma of missing understanding and inconsistent atmosphere and ocean models with large biases by the past and future work of this CRC, it is our vision to subsequently establish an energetically consistent framework of the coupled climate system and to develop physically, mathematically and numerically consistent models for both the atmosphere and the ocean.Successful steps towards our goal of energetically consistent and improved atmosphere and ocean models have been made in the first phase of the CRC. We propose to transition now towards the second phase under the motto “from model consistency to improved accuracy of climate models'' by equipping the models with new parameterizations and numerics developed during the first phase. Novel physical and mathematical concepts and a deeper understanding taking new important processes into account will lead in the second phase to new and more accurate parameterizations and numerics that mark a further huge step towards energetically consistent models from the regional to the global scale.