Haskala in dialogue. Juda Jeitteles and Juda Leib ben Ze'eb as exegetes of the elightenment era

自2016年以来，德国研究基金会资助的正在进行的项目将重点放在哈布斯堡帝国哈斯卡拉运动的两个核心，但只是被遗忘的代表：Juda Jeitteles（1773-1838）和Juda Leib ben Ze'eb（1764-1811）。在波茨坦大学和耶拿弗里德里希-席勒大学，两位学者正在研究犹太启蒙运动倡导者所称的maskilim的训诂著作。Jeitteles，出生于一个非常有声望的家庭在布拉格和本泽'eb，出生在克拉科夫附近，是通过他们的就业与维也纳印刷厂属于基督教贵族安东冯施密德：这是冯施密德的企业，其中两个学者的训诂著作出版。通过这些著作，两位学者都以自己的方式进入了新的领域。1810年，Ben Ze'eb以希伯来语撰写，灵感来自Eichhorn的流行“Einleitung in das Alte Testament”，但也与Herder，Lowth和犹太复兴学者Azariah dei Rossi对话，第一个犹太历史批判性介绍Tanakh书籍，称为Mavo el Miqra' e qodesh。Jeitteles，作为主要编辑和重要的作者，基本上形成了一系列圣经书籍的评论，称为Kitve Qodesh（神圣的经文）。在这个系列中，沿着摩西·门德尔松·比尔的路线沿着塑造，杰特莱斯试图在拉比传统和开明批评之间走一条中间道路。随着沿着当时最近作出的高德语翻译和Jeitteles自己的语言学注释，他提出了圣经文本连同重要的拉比参考在同一时间。耶拿和波茨坦项目的目的是出版本·泽卜的《马沃》的注释译本，以及一本将他的解释学置于他那个时代的思想史背景下的专著。与此同时，另一本专著将在维也纳印刷文化和冯·施密德出版社的编辑计划的背景下论述杰特勒斯的巨著。自2016年以来，该项目组在DFG资助下取得的成就表明，在冯·施密德印刷厂的背景下，开发了一种处理塔纳赫著作的特定方式，试图在传统和现代圣经方法之间进行调解。这一具体的“维也纳哈斯卡拉”可以被视为一个迄今被忽视的形式，犹太训诂学构成了一个重要的中间环节之间的解释摩西门德尔松和后来的“Wissenschaft万Judentums”。

The ongoing project that has been granted by the German Research Foundation since 2016 has its focus on two central, but merely forgotten representatives of the Haskalah movement in the Habsburg empire: Juda Jeitteles (1773–1838) and Juda Leib ben Ze’eb (1764–1811). At the University of Potsdam and at the Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, two scholars are doing research into the exegetical writings of the named maskilim, as the exponents of the Jewish enlightenment movement are called. Jeitteles, born into a highly reputable family in Prague and Ben Ze’eb, born near Cracow, are brought together through their employment with the Vienna printing house belonging to the Christian nobleman Anton von Schmid: It is von Schmid’s enterprise, where both scholars‘ exegetical writings are published. With these writings, both scholars enter new territory, each in his own way. In 1810, Ben Ze’eb presents, written in Hebrew, inspired by Eichhorn’s popular „Einleitung in das Alte Testament“, but also in dialogue with Herder, Lowth, and the Jewish renaissance scholar Azariah dei Rossi, the first Jewish historical-critical introduction to the books of the Tanakh, called Mavo el Miqra’e qodesh. Jeitteles, as the main editor and important author essentially shapes a series of commentaries on Biblical books, called Kitve Qodesh (sacred scriptures). in this series, shaped along the lines of Moses Mendelssohns Biur, Jeitteles tries to steer a middle course between rabbinic tradition and enlightened criticism. Along with a then recently made high-German translation and Jeitteles’ own philological annotations, he presents the Biblical text together with important rabbinic references at the same time. It is the aim of the Jena and Potsdam project to publish an annotated translation of Ben Ze’eb’s Mavo together with a monograph which contextualises his hermeneutics within the history of thought of his age. At the same time, another monograph shall deal with Jeitteles’ opus magnum in the context of the Vienna printing culture and the editorial programme of von Schmid’s publishing house. Previous achievements by the project group that have been accomplished based on the DFG funding since 2016 have demonstrated that in the context of von Schmid’s printing house a specific way of dealing with the writings of the Tanakh is developed which tries to mediate between traditional and modern approaches to the Bible. This specific “Vienna Haskalah” can be regarded as a hitherto neglected form of Jewish exegesis which constitutes an important intermediary link between the hermeneutics of Moses Mendelssohn and the later “Wissenschaft des Judentums”.