Multi-wavelength Studies of Galactic Matter Cycle and Chemical Evolution

对附近星系及其组成部分的观测使我们能够研究恒星端点的物理学，它们对星际介质的影响，一直到下一代恒星和行星的形成，从而研究附近宇宙中星系的演化。今天的空间和地面望远镜可以进行高分辨率、高灵敏度的观测，并为我们提供了大量的观测数据，其中大部分都可以在公共档案中找到。此外，还计划在未来几年和几十年在空间和地球上建立新的观测站，并将确保新的突破性发现。在恒星演化的最后阶段产生的黑洞、中子星或超新星遗迹主要是高能量源，而星际介质中较冷的相态以及恒星形成区则是在较低能量下可观察到的物体。虽然在天体物理学研究的各个领域都有很大的努力，但到目前为止，不同科学界之间还没有明显的重叠。在接下来的几年里，这两个领域将随着詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜或雅典娜X射线天文台等大型下一代天文台的准备和发射而变得更加相关。在拟议的项目中，这些研究领域将结合在一个全面的多波长研究中，主要目的是了解星系物质循环和元素的起源，从而了解星系在当今宇宙中的演变。

Observations of nearby galaxies and their components allow us to study the physics of stellar endpoints, their impact on the interstellar medium, all the way to the formation of the next generationsof stars and planets, and thus the evolution of galaxies in the nearby Universe. Today's space and ground-based telescopes allow high-resolution, high-sensitivity observations and provide us with a wealth of observational data most of which are available in public archives. Moreover, new observatories both in space and on Earth are planned for the next years and decades and will assure new groundbreaking discoveries. Black holes, neutron stars, or supernova remnants produced at the final stages of stellar evolution, are mainly high-energy sources, whereas the colder phases of the interstellar medium together with star-forming regions are objects that are observable at lower energies. While there are big efforts to make advance in the respective fields of Astrophysical research, there has been no significant overlap between the different science communities so far. In the next years, exactly these two fields will become more relevant with the preparation and the launch of the large next-generation observatories like the James Webb Space Telescope or the Athena X-rayObservatory. In th proposed project, these fields of research will be combined in a comprehensive multi-wavelength study with the main aim to understand the galactic matter cycle and the origin of elements,and hence the evolution of galaxies in today's Universe.