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Peasant farmer livelihood strategies as driver and outcome of socio-ecological transformations: A qualitative and empirical contribution towards improving land use and land cover modelling based on two case studies in Mexico and Bolivia

农民生计战略作为社会生态转型的驱动力和结果：基于墨西哥和玻利维亚的两个案例研究，对改善土地利用和土地覆盖建模的定性和实证贡献

基本信息

批准号：
277982814
负责人：
Dr. Anne Cristina de la Vega-Leinert, Ph.D.
金额：
--
依托单位：
Unidad Iztapalapa - Sociología
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2014-12-31 至 2018-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/277982814?language=en
关键词：
Peasant farmer livelihood strategies driver

项目摘要

This research proposal addresses a double challenge. First, the debate on land sparing (spatial segregation of intensive agriculture from strict conservation) vs. land sharing (multiple land use in agro-ecological system) remains unresolved. Second, recent studies emphasise the need to better address local agency in regional to global land use and land cover (LU, LC) modelling. Social geography and political ecology approaches are particularly well suited to contextually analyse multiple LU dimensions and make valuable contributions towards overcoming these two challenges. I focus on peasant agriculture as a driver and outcome of regional LU LC transformations in Latin America, a major contributor to food and energy production that is undergoing globally significant LU LC changes. Within the International Year of Family Farming in 2014 the role of peasant systems in realising food security, while preserving rich biodiversity has been emphasized but also questioned. The proposed project will contribute to the development of theory building hypotheses on peasant livelihood strategies and their compatibility with sustainable land use and conservation. Distinct peasant farming systems will be qualitatively investigated in two emblematic case study regions of Southeast Mexico and eastern Bolivia. These agricultural frontiers have undergone drastic LU LC changes in the last decades often driven by marginal peasant communities. The three main objectives are: 1) to investigate the diversity of peasant agricultural (subsistence, commercial) activities, their complementarity and integration to local and broader commodity chains, 2) to analyse peasant livelihood strategies and their LU LC implications, and 3) to explore the role and impact of migration in livelihood and LU decisions. This detailed analysis will provide a well needed reality check to improve existing LU conceptualisations by deliberately addressing the diversity of peasant systems. The empirically-grounded generic categories and hypotheses generated will contribute to the formulation of narratives of peasant agency and livelihoods and structural opportunities and hurdles. These narratives, far from been household specific, will illustrate emblematic situations and form the core of possible scenarios for implementation in LU LC models. Drawing on a strong local network and extensive previous work, participatory rural appraisal methods will be used with a wide spectrum of peasant farmers and other local stakeholders to collect detailed qualitative data for content analysis. Despite being context dependent, it is expected that the research results will be meaningful for similar regions and communities in other Latin American countries. These will provide key insights on: 1) the wider implications of the land sparing vs. land sharing debate for peasant farmers; and 2) the contribution of local qualitative case studies to improve regional to global LU analyses.

这项研究计划面临双重挑战。首先，关于土地节约（集约农业与严格保护的空间隔离）与土地共享（农业生态系统中的多种土地使用）的辩论仍然没有解决。其次，最近的研究强调，需要更好地解决当地机构在区域到全球土地利用和土地覆盖（LU，LC）建模。社会地理学和政治生态学的方法特别适合于上下文分析多个LU维度，并为克服这两个挑战做出了宝贵的贡献。我专注于农民农业作为拉丁美洲区域LULC转型的驱动力和结果，这是粮食和能源生产的主要贡献者，正在经历全球重大的LULC变化。在2014年国际家庭农业年期间，农民制度在实现粮食安全、同时保护丰富的生物多样性方面的作用得到了强调，但也受到了质疑。拟议的项目将有助于发展关于农民生计战略及其与可持续土地使用和保护的兼容性的理论建设假设。不同的农民耕作系统将定性研究在墨西哥东南部和东部玻利维亚的两个典型的案例研究地区。在过去的几十年里，这些农业边界经历了剧烈的LULC变化，通常是由边缘农民社区推动的。三个主要目标是：1）调查农民农业（生存，商业）活动的多样性，他们的互补性和整合，以当地和更广泛的商品链，2）分析农民的生计战略及其LU LC的影响，和3）探讨移民在生计和LU决策的作用和影响。这种详细的分析将提供一个非常需要的现实检查，以改善现有的LU概念化，故意解决农民制度的多样性。所产生的基于知识的一般类别和假设将有助于对农民代理和生计以及结构性机会和障碍的叙述的形成。这些叙述，远不是家庭具体的，将说明象征性的情况，并形成在LULC模型实施的可能方案的核心。将利用强大的地方网络和以前广泛开展的工作，对广大农民和其他地方利益攸关方采用参与性农村评估方法，收集详细的定性数据，用于内容分析。尽管是上下文依赖，预计研究结果将是有意义的类似地区和社区在其他拉丁美洲国家。这些将提供关键的见解：1）土地节约与土地共享辩论对农民的更广泛的影响; 2）当地定性案例研究的贡献，以改善区域到全球的土地利用分析。