Positive-negative asymmetry of intergroup contact: A dynamic approach

虽然积极的群体间接触已被证明可以减少偏见，但消极的接触有可能使群体间关系恶化。然而，人们对积极接触和消极接触之间的相互作用知之甚少，特别是在个人经常接触这两种接触的不同环境中。我们对接触的正负不对称性（PNAC）效应进行了新颖而全面的研究，认为消极接触对各种结果的影响比积极接触更强。我们试图了解在二元、网络和背景层面上，积极和消极的群体间接触混合的净影响，这种影响是如何和何时产生的，以及积极和消极接触之间相互作用的可能后果。在涉及少数民族和少数民族参与者的一系列研究中，我们使用不同的方法范式，试图测试三种可能的结果：缓冲（即积极接触减弱消极接触的有害影响），增强（即消极接触增强积极接触的影响）和中毒（即消极接触减少积极接触的影响）效应。利用日记、实验、纵向调查和社会网络研究，以及大规模的社会干预，本研究进一步探讨了有助于解释积极和消极接触对群体间关系的共同影响的关键中介和调节过程。

While positive intergroup contact has been shown to reduce prejudice, negative contact has the potential to worsen intergroup relations. Yet little is known about the interaction between positive and negative contact, especially in diverse settings where individuals are frequently exposed to both types of contact. We provide a novel and comprehensive investigation into the positive-negative asymmetry of contact (PNAC) effect - the contention that negative contact exerts stronger effects on various outcomes than positive contact. We seek to understand the net impact of a mix of both positive and negative intergroup contact, at dyadic, network and contextual levels, how and when such effects arise, and the possible consequences of the interaction between positive and negative contact. In a series of studies involving both ethnic majority and minority participants, and using different methodological paradigms, we seek to test three plausible outcomes: buffering (i.e., positive contact attenuates detrimental effects of negative contact), augmentation (i.e., negative contact augments the impact of positive contact), and poisoning (i.e., negative contact reduces the impact of positive contact) effects. Using diary, experimental, longitudinal survey, and social network studies, along with a large-scale social intervention, this research further examines key mediating and moderating processes that help explain the joint impact of positive and negative contact on intergroup relations.