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Environments, people and mining in the Far Southwest of China since 1500: Cross-disciplinary explorations

1500年以来中国西南地区的环境、人类和采矿：跨学科探索

基本信息

批准号：
279235388
负责人：
Dr. Nanny Kim
金额：
--
依托单位：
Global South Studies Center (GSSC)
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2014-12-31 至 2018-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/279235388?language=en
关键词：
Environments people mining Far Southwest

项目摘要

At their southeastern end, the Himalayas form a much folded mountain zone that separates China from Indochina, descending from the top of the world to tropical jungles. The Far Southwest of China is the highland part of this zone and roughly congruent with modern Yunnan province. The area, which is about the size of France, contains plateaus that have been centres of human cultures since prehistoric times and rugged hinterlands that into the twentieth century were little influenced by human activities. For its cultural richness as well as its biodiversity, the region is predestined for research on interactions of human societies with their environments. Factors creating different dynamics and transformations include natural and cultural barriers, a variety of land use systems, compartmentalized diversification, far-flung commercial networks, and migration and economic penetration that was often driven by the exploitation of mineral resources.The core of the proposed project is the analysis of the environmental history of three mining areas through the last five centuries. Contributions to research on the history of technology and the environment consist in advancing knowledge on an under-researched regional history that is of comparative interest as a non-European case of preindustrial mining on a large scale. A methodological contribution will be realized in the development of applied methods for researching environmental history under conditions of data scarcity that are expected to permit calibrated comparative analyses of developments in different periods and world regions.The project applies an inter-disciplinary approach that combines historical and geographic methods. The applicant has developed and tested the approach in collaborative projects with Hans-Joachim Rosner (geography, Tübingen University) and Yang Yuda (historical geography, Fudan University, Shanghai) during the DFG research group Monies, Markets and Finance in China and East Asia, which Hans Ulrich Vogel directed from 2005 to 2011. It overcomes limitations due to the scarcity and one-sidedness of predominantly Chinese materials and widens the basis of sources beyond traditional written sources to data from dendrochronology and stratigraphy, as well as from fieldwork and oral histories. By localizing data sets, it employs a new tool of data cross-checking, correcting, confirming and falsifying. In this process, specific questions can be addressed by targeted search for decisive evidence and interpretations tested in models of landscape change.The project aims at attaining specific and falsifiable results in environmental history and ultimately at identifying factors that tip the balance between sustainable, unsustainable yet relatively stable, and degrading systems. It thus expects to achieve a reassessment of cultural preferences, system trends and technological options historical environmental change and hopes to contribute to ongoing environmental issues.

在喜马拉雅山脉的东南端，它形成了一个多褶皱的山区，将中国和印度支那分开，从世界之巅下降到热带丛林。中国的远西南部是这一地带的高地部分，大致与现代云南省相一致。这一地区的面积与法国相当，其中包括自史前时代以来一直是人类文化中心的高原，以及到了世纪几乎没有受到人类活动影响的崎岖的丘陵地带。由于其丰富的文化和生物多样性，该地区注定要研究人类社会与环境的相互作用。造成不同动态和变化的因素包括自然和文化障碍、各种土地使用系统、条块分割的多样化、广泛的商业网络以及往往由矿产资源开采驱动的移民和经济渗透，拟议项目的核心是分析过去五个世纪三个矿区的环境历史。对技术和环境史研究的贡献在于推进对研究不足的区域历史的了解，这是一个非欧洲的大规模工业化前采矿案例。将在方法学方面作出贡献，为在数据稀缺的情况下研究环境历史制定实用方法，以期对不同时期和世界各区域的发展情况进行校准比较分析，该项目采用将历史方法和地理方法相结合的跨学科方法。申请人与Hans-Joachim Rosner（地理学，蒂宾根大学）和Yang Yuda（历史地理学，复旦大学，上海）在DFG中国和东亚的货币，市场和金融研究小组期间开发并测试了该方法，该小组由Hans Ulrich Vogel于2005年至2011年指导。它克服了由于主要是中国材料的稀缺性和片面性而造成的局限性，并将来源的基础从传统的书面来源扩大到树木年代学和地层学的数据，以及田野调查和口述历史。通过本地化数据集，它采用了一种新的工具，数据交叉检查，纠正，确认和伪造。在这一过程中，具体问题可以通过有针对性地寻找决定性的证据和解释来解决，该项目的目的是在环境历史中获得具体和可证伪的结果，并最终确定在可持续、不可持续但相对稳定的系统和退化系统之间取得平衡的因素。因此，它期望实现对文化偏好、系统趋势和技术选择的重新评估历史环境变化，并希望为当前的环境问题做出贡献。