Mining and metallurgy in Southwest China, 14th to 19th century: Archaeo-metallurgical investigations and historical geography

14世纪至19世纪中国西南地区的采矿和冶金：考古冶金调查和历史地理学

• 批准号: 411083205
• 负责人: Dr. Nanny Kim
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: National Natural Science Foundation of China
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/411083205?language=en
• 关键词: Mining; metallurgy; Southwest; China; 14th

The proposed project will undertake the systematic archaeo-metallurgical survey, documentation and investigation of sites of metal mining in the Southwest of China, with the focus on the late imperial period (1368-1911). Through the exploration of the hitherto under-researched period and region, the applicants intend to provide basic research as well as conserve records, materials and sites for future research. Research results are expected to contribute to open issues in the history of mining in China in the transformation of metallurgical technologies and in traditions and innovations in a largely non-liturgical area of technological expertise.We know that the exploitation of metal deposits of copper, silver and other metals in Yunnan province and adjacent areas of Sichuan and Guizhou as well as in the borderland zone of China, Burma and Vietnam experienced an unprecedented expansion from the fourteenth century onwards, and again during the eighteenth century. However, as the mining sector in imperial China, especially during the late imperial period, is scarcely documented, many aspects remain unknown. We are still unable to locate numerous important mines known by name, while other sites have been found by accident but cannot be dated or identified. The intensification of mining evidently involved technological and organizational innovations, yet these transformations are still insufficiently understood.By employing inter-disciplinary approaches, the cooperative project will access new material records. For the identification of sites, we will employ historical geography on a wide range of data, especially focussing on clusters of place names. The localization will allow the partners to carry out targeted fieldwork for the recording of material remains and oral traditions as well as for sampling ores, slags and other remains. The Chinese partner will undertake material analyses on the samples, while the applicants will carry out GIS-bases analyses on the collected data. On the basis of these scientific data, the project will undertake the reconstruction of the historical transformation of mining and metallurgy in late imperial Southwestern China.The project’s four goals are: First, the comprehensive documentation of on-site remains and records for the preservation of cultural heritage and for future research. This aspect is of great urgency, as remains and traditions are presently vanishing.Second, the systematic and scientific reconstruction of metallurgical technologies. Third, a GIS-based analysis of technological traditions and innovations in the context of of local societies, inter-regional mobility, in-migration, written and oral knowledge, transport and commerce, natural environments and changing landscapes. Fourth, the analysis of technological innovation and traditions of expertise in the comparative context of different structures of transmitting and embodying knowledge in different regions and ages across human history.

该项目将对中国西南地区的金属采矿遗址进行系统的考古冶金调查、文献记录和调查，重点是帝国晚期（1368-1911年）。通过对迄今为止研究不足的时期和地区的探索，申请人打算提供基础研究，并为未来的研究保存记录，材料和地点。研究成果将有助于解决中国采矿史上冶金技术转型和技术专长领域传统与创新的开放问题。我们知道，云南省和四川、贵州毗邻地区以及中国边境地区的铜、银等金属矿床的开采，缅甸和越南从14世纪开始经历了前所未有的扩张，在18世纪又经历了一次。然而，由于中国帝国时期的采矿业，特别是在帝国晚期，几乎没有记录，许多方面仍然未知。我们仍然无法确定许多有名的重要矿场的位置，而其他地点是偶然发现的，但无法确定日期或身份。采矿的强化显然涉及技术和组织创新，但这些转变仍然没有得到充分的理解，通过采用跨学科的方法，合作项目将访问新的材料记录。为了确定地点，我们将利用历史地理学的广泛数据，特别是侧重于地名集群。本地化将使合作伙伴能够开展有针对性的实地工作，记录物质遗迹和口头传统，并对矿石、矿渣和其他遗迹进行取样。中国合作伙伴将对样品进行材料分析，而申请人将对收集的数据进行基于GIS的分析。在这些科学数据的基础上，该项目将承担重建中国西南帝国晚期采矿和冶金的历史转变。该项目的四个目标是：第一，全面记录现场遗迹和记录，以保护文化遗产和未来的研究。这方面的工作十分紧迫，因为目前遗迹和传统正在消失。第二，冶金技术的系统和科学重建。第三，基于地理信息系统的技术传统和创新的分析，在当地社会的背景下，区域间的流动性，移民，书面和口头知识，运输和商业，自然环境和不断变化的景观。第四，在人类历史上不同地区和时代的不同知识传播和体现结构的比较背景下，分析技术创新和专业知识传统。