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Definiteness in articleless Slavic languages

无冠词斯拉夫语言的确定性

基本信息

批准号：
279721764
负责人：
Dr. Radek Simik
金额：
--
依托单位：
Ustav ceskeho jazyka a teorie komunikace
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2014-12-31 至 2019-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/279721764?language=en
关键词：
Definiteness articleless Slavic languages

项目摘要

The project aims to contribute to our understanding of how reference to objects is managed in a linguistic system that lacks one of the core formal instruments, namely articles. More particularly, the project investigates the grammatical category of definiteness in three articleless Slavic languages: Czech, Polish, and Russian. In these languages, it is possible to say the equivalent of "Mary bought book" with the nominal "book" having either a definite or an indefinite interpretation. The main objective of the project is to determine how definiteness is expressed in the absence of articles. The project concentrates on two potentially most systematic means of expressing definiteness: word order and demonstratives. The fact that word order influences the definiteness of articleless nominals (in "Boy arrived", "boy" is more likely to be definite than in "Arrived boy") has typically been attributed to the idea that word order is an exponent of information structure and it is information structure - e.g. the quality of the nominal as informationally old or new - that determines the nominal's (in)definiteness. The project also considers and works out a competing hypothesis that there is a more direct mapping between word order and definiteness, in particular the idea that articleless nominals have a different grammatical representation, depending on their position in the sentence. As regards demonstratives, the project focuses on their syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic affinity to definite articles and demonstratives in languages with articles. Demonstratives have been argued to serve two main functions: (i) the expression of a relation to a discourse (or extra-linguistic) referent and (ii) the shift of predicate nominals to individual-denoting nominals (essentially the function of an article). The project investigates the hypothesis that demonstratives in languages with articles are bound to express both functions at the same time, while demonstratives in languages without articles can also express them in isolation. This accounts for the relatively broader distribution of demonstratives in articleless languages. The project further aims to produce novel experimental data by a systematic elicitation of the intuition of a large number of native speakers. The planned experiments will shed new light on the relevant theoretical issues (interpretation and distribution of nominals without articles and with demonstratives) and will contribute new empirical generalizations that can feed further theorizing.

该项目旨在帮助我们理解在缺乏核心正式工具之一即冠词的语言系统中如何管理对象的引用。更具体地说，该项目调查了三种无冠词斯拉夫语言（捷克语、波兰语和俄语）中确定性的语法类别。在这些语言中，有可能说相当于“玛丽买了书”，名义上的“书”有一个明确或不确定的解释。该项目的主要目标是确定在没有冠词的情况下如何表达确定性。该项目集中于表达确定性的两种可能最系统的方法：语序和指示。语序影响无冠词的确定性（在“Boy arrived”中，“Boy”比“arrived Boy”更有可能是确定的）这一事实通常被归因于这样一种观点，即语序是信息结构的指数，而正是信息结构——例如，语序在信息上是旧的还是新的——决定了语序的（in）确定性。该项目还考虑并提出了一个竞争性假设，即词序和确定性之间存在更直接的映射，特别是无冠词根据其在句子中的位置有不同的语法表示。在指示词方面，该项目侧重于研究它们在有冠词的语言中与定冠词和指示词的句法、语义和语用亲和力。指示词被认为有两个主要功能：(i)表达与话语（或语言外）指称物的关系；（ii）将谓语名词转换为个人表示的名词（本质上是冠词的功能）。该项目研究的假设是，有冠词的语言中的指示语必然同时表达这两种功能，而没有冠词的语言中的指示语也可以单独表达这两种功能。这就解释了指示语在无冠词语言中相对广泛的分布。该项目进一步旨在通过系统地激发大量母语人士的直觉来产生新的实验数据。计划中的实验将对相关的理论问题（无冠词和有指示词的名词的解释和分布）提供新的启示，并将提供新的经验概括，可以进一步理论化。