EarthShape - BOFEDAL: Biota's forcing of earth surface dynamics ascertained on land and sea

EarthShape的主要目标之一是量化生物过程，这些生物过程改变了关键区域的地球形状。除了监测现代过程及其建模之外，阿塔卡马沙漠中某些生物过程的低强度需要至少数万年的考虑期才能测量。在（最近超）干旱的阿塔卡马沙漠的生物过程最突出的控制水的可用性。由于降水量在这些时间尺度上变化很大，气候变化引起的几十年至几千年尺度上的过程强度的变化和波动必须在定量方法中加以考虑。强烈建议在这些时间尺度上提供古气候信息。泥炭和矿物沉积物等古气候档案提供了基于气候代用指标（如微/宏化石、沉积物及其地球化学）的过去环境的见解。然而，高度可变的干旱土地生物地球动力学阻止了连续档案的形成，而这正是地球形态方法所需要的！因此，那些位于智利超干旱沿海沙漠的优先计划主要重点地区只能提供不连续的古气候记录。古气候记录中存在的空白需要最近的连续信息的框架和补充，这些信息必须通过研究区域古气候背景来获得。在我们的项目中，我们的目标是研究全新世中晚期沿海地区（主要重点区域潘德阿苏卡尔，26° S）的生物群活动。预计这些地区的古气候记录是不连续的，缺乏分辨率。因此，将通过研究两个框架主记录来获取不失真的连续信息：研究安第斯高地泥炭地（bofedal）和邻近湖泊，以及研究海洋沉积物岩心（GeoB 7139-2，智利以南30°）。通过这种方式，我们希望在连续的高分辨率古气候代用数据的帮助下，填补沿海沉积档案中不可避免的空白，以获得对智利中北部生物群控制过程及其强度变化的最佳评估，那里缺少详细的全新世古气候信息。总之，正如在波茨坦举行的2014年地球形状研讨会期间所述，该项目通过提供许多团体为实现其个人目标而要求的基本信息而被纳入优先计划1803。因此，这个地质生态学、地理/地貌学和海洋地球科学之间的跨学科项目本身就是一个尖端的综合合作，在EarthShape的保护伞下汇集了陆地和海洋专业知识。此外，与其他举措的直接联系是显而易见的，特别是在植被动态、土壤形成、生物化学风化和景观稳定方面，最主要的是在主要重点领域潘德阿苏卡尔。

One of the main goals of EarthShape is the quantification of biotic processes, which modify the earth shape in the critical zone. Besides monitoring of modern processes and its modelling, the low intensity of some biotic processes in the Atacama Desert needs a period of consideration of at least tens to thousands of years to be measurable. Biotic processes in the (recently hyper-)arid Atacama desert are most prominently controlled by the availability of water. As precipitation was highly variable at these timescales, the modification and volatility of process intensities on the scale of decades to millennia, due to climatic changes, has to be considered in quantitative approaches. Paleoclimatic information on these timescales is strongly recommended. Paleoclimatic archives as peat and mineral sediments offer an insight to past environments based on climatic proxies, e.g. micro-/macrofossils, sediments and its geochemistry. However, highly variable arid land bio-geodynamics prevent the formation of continuous archives, which the EarthShape approach calls for! Therefore, those priority program primary focus areas located in the hyper-arid costal desert of Chile only offer discontinuous records of paleoclimate. Existing gaps in paleoclimatic records need framing and completion by the nearest continuous information, which has to be made available by studying the regional paleoclimatic context. In our project, we aim to study the activity of biota in the coastal area during the mid- to late Holocene (primary focus area Pan de Azucar, 26° S). Paleoclimatic records at these areas are expected to be discontinuous and lack resolution. Hence, the acquisition of undistorted, continuous information will be done by the study of two framing master records: the study of a high Andean peatland (bofedal) and adjacent lake and the study of a marine sediment core (GeoB 7139-2, 30° S off Chile). By this means, we want to fill the unavoidable gaps in coastal sedimentary archives with the help of continuous high-resolution paleoclimatic proxy data to get the best possible assessment of changes in biota-controlled processes and their intensity in north central Chile, where detailed Holocene paleoclimatic information is missing. In summary, this project is integrated in priority program 1803 by providing essential information which was asked for by many groups to reach their individual goals, as stated during the EarthShape workshop 2014 in Potsdam. Therefore, this interdisciplinary project between geoecology, geography/geomorphology and marine geosciences is by itself a cutting-edge integrative collaboration, bringing together terrestrial and marine expertise under the umbrella of EarthShape. Furthermore, immediate linkages to other initiatives are obvious, particularly regarding vegetation dynamics, soil formation, biochemical weathering and stabilization of landscapes most notably in the primary focus area Pan de Azucar.