Cultural change in colonial Mexico. Generational conflicts and legal pluralism in indigenous communities on the peninsula of Yucatan (16th to 19th century)

该项目调查了殖民统治对墨西哥尤卡坦半岛土著玛雅人口的社会和政治关系的影响。它的出发点是假设殖民统治的建立引起了代际关系的重大变化，从而影响到土著家庭和社区权力结构的关键要素。随着殖民秩序的发展，建立了新的法律和行政机制来调节当地的社会和政治关系。新的文化技术（如基督教和西班牙语化）在年轻一代中尤为重要。在以前由长老团体（principales, ancianos）统治的土著社区中，家庭关系谈判和地方政治组织的其他模式也出现了。因此，该项目的关键问题是：西班牙法律规范和制度如何影响土著社区的当地社会关系，特别是代际关系和权力结构？该项目将超越目前关注欧洲外部行为者引发的文化变革的辩论。它将侧重于土著行为者如何在他们与西班牙殖民机构的互动中对社会结构作出反应和改变，同时考虑到社会分化的形式、地方权力关系和土著社区内的冲突。它将特别着重于诉讼，因为它们有充分的记录，并直接或间接地提供关于地方规范及其违反情况的资料。到目前为止，该项目的主题很少针对拉丁美洲殖民地进行调查。这些项目的重点是系统地调查官方承认的规范和土著习惯法之间的关系，目的是促进对殖民统治背景下社会文化变化的动态有更深的了解。作为对当代土著社会法律多元化研究的补充，该项目的长期视角，从16世纪延伸到19世纪，可以确定社会制度的变化和连续性，从而确定社会文化发展的关键因素。

The project investigates the impact of colonial rule on the social and political relations within the indigenous Maya population of Mexico's Yucatan peninsula. It starts from the assumption that the establishment of colonial rule provoked important changes in intergenerational relations thus affecting key elements of the power structure in indigenous households and communities. With the development of the colonial order new legal and administrative mechanisms were established for the regulation of the local social and political relations. New cultural techniques (such as Christianity and Hispanization) gained importance particularly among the younger generations. Alternative models for the negotiation of family relations as well as for the organization of local politics became available in the indigenous communities, which had been dominated by groups of elders (principales, ancianos) before. Therefore the project's pivotal question is: How did Spanish legal norms and institutions affect local social relations in the indigenous communities, especially the intergenerational relations and the power structure? The project will transcend current debates that focus on the cultural change induced by external European actors. It will rather concentrate on how indigenous actors responded to and transformed social structures in their interaction with Spanish colonial institutions taking into account forms of social differentiation, local power relations and conflicts within the indigenous communities. It will especially focus on litigations, because they are well documented and, directly or indirectly, provide information on local norms and their violation. So far the project's topic has been investigated only rarely for colonial Latin America. Focusing on the systematic investigation of the relationship between officially recognized norms and indigenous customary law the projects aims at contributing to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of socio-cultural change in the context of colonial rule. Complementing recent studies of legal pluralism in contemporary indigenous societies the project's long-term perspective, extending from the 16th to the 19th century, allows to identify the changes but also the continuities in social institutions and thus to determine key factors of socio-cultural development.