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Between protection and exploitation: Children in temple and palace households as a socioeconomic phenomenon in Early Southern Mesopotamia (3200-2000 BC)

保护与剥削之间：寺庙和宫殿家庭中的儿童作为南美索不达米亚早期（公元前3200-2000年）的一种社会经济现象

基本信息

批准号：
280905572
负责人：
Dr. Vitali Bartash, Ph.D.
金额：
--
依托单位：
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2014-12-31 至 2018-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/280905572?language=en
关键词：
Between protection exploitation Children temple

项目摘要

Cuneiform texts from early Southern Mesopotamia record a remarkable social phenomenon: temple and palace households supported numerous children from underprivileged social strata. While these minors were provided with food and shelter, they were recruited as labourers from early childhood. Their social mobility was severely restricted and they were often victims of disease and violence.The aim of the project is to investigate the support of children in institutional households as a social phenomenon and to identify its causes, forms and consequences. I suggest that the support of children by the households had a clear socioeconomic purpose. On the one hand, socially unprotected children were not left alone, whereby social tension within the early urban society was alleviated. On the other hand, as both minors and eventual adults they were an important source of labour for the temple and palace economies.For data collection a database of relevant text references to children will be created. These will be systematically examined within three thematic clusters:A) Terminology and demographic structure: Gender and age categories documented in the texts, as well as morbidity and mortality rates among children will be quantified. As the result, their demographic structure will be reconstructed.B) Influx and Reproduction: The reasons for the influx of children into institutional households will be identified. At the same time the extent to which the families of dependent workers contributed to an increase in the labour force in institutional households will be evaluated.C) Support and use as labour: Rations for children and the organization of child labour will be examined in a diachronic perspective and linked to gender and age categories.The data analysis will consist of two phases. First, the text documents which contain references to children will be interpreted using a historical-philological approach. Second, statistical and historical demography methods will be used to track the dynamics of these aspects of children´s lives and to identify historical trends. Quantitative and qualitative data will be consolidated and placed in the historical context of early Southern Mesopotamia.The anticipated results of this study go beyond the traditional bounds of Ancient Near Eastern Studies: besides filling a gap in the social history of early Mesopotamia, the project will contribute to socially relevant discussions of reasons child labour and the role of the state in child protection on the basis of empirical data and theoretical discussion.

早期美索不达米亚南部的楔形文字记录了一个显著的社会现象：寺庙和宫殿家庭供养了大量来自社会底层的儿童。虽然向这些未成年人提供了食物和住所，但他们从幼儿期起就被招募为劳工。他们的社会流动性受到严重限制，他们往往是疾病和暴力的受害者，该项目的目的是调查作为一种社会现象的机构家庭对儿童的支助，并查明其原因、形式和后果。我认为，家庭对儿童的支持有明确的社会经济目的。一方面，没有受到社会保护的儿童没有被单独留下，从而缓解了早期城市社会的社会紧张局势。另一方面，作为未成年人和最终成年人，他们是寺庙和宫殿经济的重要劳动力来源。将在三个专题组内系统地审查这些问题：A）术语和人口结构：将量化教科书中记载的性别和年龄类别以及儿童发病率和死亡率。B）流入和繁殖：将查明儿童流入机构家庭的原因。（c）作为劳动力的支持和使用：将从历史的角度并结合性别和年龄类别来审查儿童口粮和童工组织情况。首先，文本文件，其中包含提到儿童将使用历史语言学的方法进行解释。其次，将使用统计和历史人口学方法来跟踪儿童生活这些方面的动态，并确定历史趋势。定量和定性数据将被整合并置于早期美索不达米亚南部的历史背景中。这项研究的预期结果超出了古代近东研究的传统范围：除了填补了早期美索不达米亚社会历史的空白外，该项目将根据经验数据，促进对童工现象的原因和国家在保护儿童方面的作用进行具有社会意义的讨论，理论讨论。