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Lateral Attitude Change

横向态度改变

基本信息

批准号：
282465074
负责人：
Professor Dr. Gerd Bohner, since 7/2018
金额：
--
依托单位：
Institut für Psychologie
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2014-12-31 至 2019-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/282465074?language=en
关键词：
Lateral Attitude Change

项目摘要

Consider two, at first glance rather different, research findings: (1) Friendly contact with members of an outgroup, for example, immigrants, does not only improve attitudes toward this particular group, but also attitudes toward other stigmatized outgroups, such as gay men (Pettigrew, 2009). (2) Members of the majority who are exposed to a minority's arguments regarding a particular topic, do not change their attitudes toward this topic, but instead change their attitudes toward a different, related issue (Alvaro & Crano, 1997). These findings have one thing in common: The attempt to influence a person's attitude toward an object X results in the change of their attitude toward other objects (Y) that are mentally related to X. Such "side effects" of influence attempts will be called lateral attitude change (LAC). The systematic study of LAC is the purpose of this research project. We define LAC as given whenever a person changes her or his implicit or explicit evaluation of a lateral object Y after an influence attempt directed at a focal object X. We distinguish two types of LAC, which are illustrated by the above-cited findings: generalization effects, where the target of an influence attempt accepts the new evaluation of X, and displacement effects, where the target rejects the new evaluation of X. We propose that, in both cases, the evaluation of X that is suggested by the influence attempt will automatically be transferred to other, related objects Y. The differential patterns of generalization and displacement will thus be found mainly in explicit attitudes, whereas an automatic spreading of the associative evaluation of X on Y is commonly found on the level of implicit attitudes. We have presented the theoretical foundations of our research proposal in a framework on LAC, published in the forthcoming issue of Personality and Social Psychology Review (Glaser, Dickel, Liersch, Rees, Süssenbach & Bohner, 2015). The LAC framework contains six postulates: 1. Activation of evaluation of focal object X; 2. automatic spread of this evaluation to lateral objects Y; 3. conscious acceptance or rejection of the evaluation of X; 4. resulting conscious processes with regard to Y; 5. conscious acceptance or rejection of the evaluation of Y; 6. delayed attitude change toward X and/or Y when reasons for initial rejection become inaccessible in memory. In addition, the model specifies several moderator variables that influence the extent of LAC, including the strength of association between X and Y, processing effort, and the striving for cognitive consistency. The aim of the current proposal is to provide an empirical test of the LAC model's six postulates, as well as to test the proposed moderation hypotheses.

考虑两个，乍一看相当不同，研究结果：（1）与外群体成员的友好接触，例如，移民，不仅改善了对这个特定群体的态度，也改善了对其他污名化外群体的态度，如男同性恋者（Pettigrew，2009）。(2)大多数人的成员接触到少数人关于某个特定主题的论点，并没有改变他们对这个主题的态度，而是改变了他们对另一个不同的相关问题的态度（Alvaro & Crano，1997）。这些发现有一个共同点：试图影响一个人对物体X的态度，会导致他们对其他物体（Y）的态度发生变化，这些物体在心理上与X有关。这种影响尝试的“副作用”将被称为横向态度改变（LAC）。本课题的研究目的是系统地研究LAC。我们将LAC定义为，当一个人在针对焦点对象X的影响尝试之后改变了她或他对横向对象Y的内隐或外显评价时给出的LAC。我们区分了两种类型的LAC，上面引用的研究结果说明了这一点：泛化效应，即影响尝试的目标接受X的新评价，以及位移效应，即目标拒绝X的新评价。我们提出，在这两种情况下，由影响尝试所建议的对X的评价将自动转移到其他相关对象Y上。因此，概括和位移的差异模式主要存在于外显态度中，而X对Y的联想评价的自动传播通常存在于内隐态度水平上。我们在LAC框架中提出了我们研究建议的理论基础，发表在即将出版的《人格与社会心理学评论》（Glaser，迪克尔，Liersch，Rees，Süssenbach & Bohner，2015）。拉丁美洲和加勒比的框架包含六个假设：1.激活焦点物体X的评估; 2.将该评估自动扩展到横向对象Y; 3.有意识地接受或拒绝对X的评价; 4.关于Y的有意识过程; 5.有意识地接受或拒绝对Y的评价; 6.当最初拒绝的原因在记忆中变得不可访问时，对X和/或Y的态度改变延迟。此外，该模型还指定了几个影响LAC程度的调节变量，包括X和Y之间的关联强度、处理努力以及对认知一致性的追求。本建议的目的是提供一个实证检验的LAC模型的六个假设，以及测试所提出的适度假设。