The media change eyewitness (Augenzeuge) and visual inspection (Augenschein): "New" spatial consciousness and cartographichistorical development of early, hand drawn regional maps in Hesse (1500-1575)

虽然书面采访目击者的做法在15世纪就很明显了，但手绘区域地图(作为一种新的空间图形表示媒介)在1500年左右首次建立。Augenschein一开始描述的是现场检查，其中的某些东西应该进行目视检查，但术语Augenschein很快变成了一种特殊类型的地图的同义词，其意图是完全取代这种地方检查。因此，地图得到了它所取代的东西的名字。随着语义的准确，同时代人能够描述一种发展，从证人的口头证词和他们的文本固定到视觉检查的图解插图。尤其是这种手绘地图(1500-1575年)发展的早期阶段具有形式和功能多样的特点：除了昂贵的彩色视图外，还可以找到粗略的草图，如测量的平面图。图像和文本传统(地图和文件)的并行化为分析媒体在所有方面的变化提供了机会。以前研究16世纪文件和地图的研究通常有一个共同点：他们往往只看其中一个，而忽略(相关的)另一个。这就是为什么今天，我们只知道这些手绘地图(Augenscheine)的具体实例或它们的功能和使用的上下文。尽管托马斯·霍斯特2008年提供了旧巴伐利亚州手绘地图的区域概况，但缺乏其他区域和超区域研究。然而，Der Blick auf diekleine Welt项目(看小世界)通过对黑森州和下萨克森州的系统调查和分析(直到1650年)弥合了这一差距。这些现有材料现在将用于调查从目击者(Augenzeuge)到目视检查(Augenschein)的转化过程。作为考场，黑森室被选为项目的考场。在空间上，该项目面向中世纪晚期和早期现代领土。时间范围侧重于1500年至1575年区域制图的早期阶段，因为它的特点是功能开放，手绘地图的设计仍未确定。这些地图的插图将与档案中目击者的平行手写证词进行地区性比较。这种比较允许从当代的角度对新的中级区域地图采取新的历史方法。

While the practice of written interviewing of eyewitnesses becameapparent within the 15th century, hand-drawn regional maps (as anew medium of pictorial representation of space) first establishedaround 1500. Initially describing a on-site inspection, in whichsomething should be visually inspected, the term Augenschein quicklybecame synonymous with a special type of map, whose intention wasto replace such a local inspection entirely. Therefore the map got thename of what it substituted. With semantic accuracy contemporarieswere able to describe a development, which ranged from the oraltestimony of witnesses and their textual fixation to pictorial illustrationof visual inspection. Especially the early phase of the development ofthis hand-drawn maps (1500-1575) is characterized by diverse formand function: rough sketches are also found beside expensive coloredviews, as measured floor plans. The parallelism of image- and texttradition(map and file) provides the opportunity to analyze the changeof media in all its shades. Researches that examined files and mapsof the 16th century previously, usually have one thing in common:They tend to look at the one and ignore the (associated) other. That iswhy today, we know rather only for individual examples specific aboutthese hand-drawn maps (Augenscheine) or their function and usecontexts. Although Thomas Horst 2008 gave a regional overview ofthe old hand-drawn maps of Old Bavaria, other regional and supraregionalstudies are lacking. However the project -Der Blick auf diekleine Welt- (Looking at the small World) bridged this gap with asystematic inquiry and analysis for Hesse and Lower Saxony (till1650). This existing material will now be used to investigate thetransformation process from eyewitnesses (Augenzeuge) to visualinspection (Augenschein). As the examination room, the Hessianroom was chosen for the Project. Spatially, the project is orientedtowards the late medieval and early modern territories. The timeframe focuses on the early phase of regional cartography from 1500to 1575, as it is characterized by open functionality and still undecideddesign of the hand-drawn maps. The pictorial illustration of thesemaps is to be compared regionally with the parallel handed testimonyof eyewitnesses in the files. This comparison allows a new historicalapproach to the new medium regional map from a contemporaryperspective.