The media change eyewitness (Augenzeuge) and visual inspection (Augenschein): "New" spatial consciousness and cartographichistorical development of early, hand drawn regional maps in Hesse (1500-1575)

媒体改变目击者（eyewitness）和目视检查（Augenschein）：黑森州早期手绘区域地图的“新”空间意识和制图历史发展（1500-1575）

• 批准号: 285920134
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Michael Rothmann
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Historisches Seminar
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-31 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/285920134?language=en
• 关键词: media; change; eyewitness; Augenzeuge; visual

While the practice of written interviewing of eyewitnesses becameapparent within the 15th century, hand-drawn regional maps (as anew medium of pictorial representation of space) first establishedaround 1500. Initially describing a on-site inspection, in whichsomething should be visually inspected, the term Augenschein quicklybecame synonymous with a special type of map, whose intention wasto replace such a local inspection entirely. Therefore the map got thename of what it substituted. With semantic accuracy contemporarieswere able to describe a development, which ranged from the oraltestimony of witnesses and their textual fixation to pictorial illustrationof visual inspection. Especially the early phase of the development ofthis hand-drawn maps (1500-1575) is characterized by diverse formand function: rough sketches are also found beside expensive coloredviews, as measured floor plans. The parallelism of image- and texttradition(map and file) provides the opportunity to analyze the changeof media in all its shades. Researches that examined files and mapsof the 16th century previously, usually have one thing in common:They tend to look at the one and ignore the (associated) other. That iswhy today, we know rather only for individual examples specific aboutthese hand-drawn maps (Augenscheine) or their function and usecontexts. Although Thomas Horst 2008 gave a regional overview ofthe old hand-drawn maps of Old Bavaria, other regional and supraregionalstudies are lacking. However the project -Der Blick auf diekleine Welt- (Looking at the small World) bridged this gap with asystematic inquiry and analysis for Hesse and Lower Saxony (till1650). This existing material will now be used to investigate thetransformation process from eyewitnesses (Augenzeuge) to visualinspection (Augenschein). As the examination room, the Hessianroom was chosen for the Project. Spatially, the project is orientedtowards the late medieval and early modern territories. The timeframe focuses on the early phase of regional cartography from 1500to 1575, as it is characterized by open functionality and still undecideddesign of the hand-drawn maps. The pictorial illustration of thesemaps is to be compared regionally with the parallel handed testimonyof eyewitnesses in the files. This comparison allows a new historicalapproach to the new medium regional map from a contemporaryperspective.

虽然书面采访目击者的做法在15世纪变得明显，但手绘的区域地图（作为空间图像表示的新媒介）在1500年左右首次建立。Augenschein一词最初描述的是一种现场检查，在这种检查中，某些东西应该被目视检查，但它很快成为一种特殊类型地图的同义词，其目的是完全取代这种局部检查。因此，地图以它所取代的东西命名。在语义准确的情况下，当代人能够描述一种发展，其范围从目击者的口头证词和他们对文本的固定到视觉检查的图像说明。特别是在这种手绘地图发展的早期阶段（1500-1575），其特点是形式和功能多样：在昂贵的彩色视图（如测量的平面图）旁边，也可以找到粗略的草图。图像和文本传统（地图和文件）的并行性提供了从各个角度分析媒体变化的机会。以前研究16世纪的文件和地图的研究人员通常有一个共同点：他们倾向于看一个而忽略（相关的）另一个。这就是为什么今天，我们只知道这些手绘地图（Augenscheine）或它们的功能和使用背景的具体例子。尽管Thomas Horst在2008年给出了旧巴伐利亚手绘地图的区域概览，但缺乏其他区域和超区域的研究。然而，这个名为“看小世界”（der Blick auf diekleine Welt）的项目通过对黑森州和下萨克森州（直到1650年）的系统调查和分析弥补了这一差距。现有的材料现在将用于调查从目击证人（Augenzeuge）到目视检查（Augenschein）的转变过程。该项目选择了黑森室作为考场。在空间上，该项目面向中世纪晚期和现代早期的领土。时间框架集中在1500年至1575年区域制图的早期阶段，因为它的特点是开放的功能和手绘地图的未确定设计。这些地图的图片说明将与档案中目击者平行提交的证词进行区域比较。这种比较使我们能够从当代的角度对新媒介区域地图进行新的历史研究。