Transformations of masculinity orientations and work-related attitudes among depressed men (TRANSMODE)

根据“抑郁症的性别悖论”，女性患抑郁症的几率是男性的两倍，而男性自杀的几率是男性的三倍。讨论了男性抑郁症发病率较低的几个原因，包括缺乏对男性抑郁症状的认识、男性较少使用服务和缺乏对性别问题敏感的服务。传统的男子气概规范在这里发挥着核心作用。然而，除了对男性危险健康行为的刻板印象之外，人们对男性心理健康行为的多样性缺乏了解，对男性气质取向与心理健康之间复杂相互关系的深入研究也很少。通过我们之前的研究“男性气质构建和抑郁症男性的心理健康行为”，我们可以通过确定抑郁症男性中男性气质取向和工作态度的具体组合的三个潜在类别来填补研究空白。此外，我们发现班级成员与心理健康变量之间存在显著的相互关系。此外，基于对班级代表的深入访谈，我们确定了男性在男性气质取向、疾病理论和日常应对抑郁方面的主观看法的差异。此外，我们可以发现心理健康人员积极鼓励男性患者改变其性别角色态度和心理健康行为。然而，由于研究的横断面设计，我们无法对变化的过程做出任何假设，从而无法对男性气质取向、工作态度和心理健康之间的相互关系的方向做出任何假设。因此，在一项前瞻性混合方法观察性研究中，我们将重点关注在特定（治疗）环境下抑郁症男性男性气质取向和工作态度的变化和转变。通过对这些变化（转变）的主观意义进行重构分析，完成对男性化取向、工作态度及相关临床参数变化过程的统计分析。这些发现将通过抑郁症男性伴侣对转变的观点进行三角测量。在抑郁症的情况下，更好地了解男子气概倾向和与工作有关的态度的转变过程，将成为为抑郁症男子发展对性别问题敏感的服务的基础。

According to the „gender paradox of depression“ women are twice as often affected by depression, while men have a threefold risk of committing suicide. Several reasons for the lower depression rates among men are discussed including a lack of recognizing men’s depressive symptoms, men’s lower service use and a lack of gender-sensitive services. Traditional masculinity norms play a central role here. However, beyond stereotyping images of men’s risky health behavior, there is a lack of knowledge about the variety of mens‘ mental health behavior and sophisticated studies on the complex interrelations between masculinity orientations and mental health are rare. With our previous study „Masculinity Constructions and Mental Health Behaviour among Men with Depression” we could fill a research gap by identifying three latent classes of a specific combination of masculinity orientations and work-related attitudes among men treated for depression. Furthermore, we found a significant interrelation between class membership and mental health variables. In addition, based on in-dephts interviews with class representatives we identified differences in men’s subjective views on masculinity orientations, illness theories and everyday coping with depression. Also, we could show that mental health staff actively encourages male patients to change their gender role attitudes and mental health behaviors. However, due to the cross-sectional design of the study, we cannot make any assumptions about the processes of change and thus, about the direction of the interrelations between masculinity orientations, work-related attitudes and mental health. Therefore, within a prospective mixed-method observational study we will focus on the changes and transformations of masculinity orientations and work-related attitudes among depressed men within a specific (therapeutic) setting. Statistical analysis of the change processes of masculinity orientations, work-related attitudes and relevant clinical parameters will be completed by reconstructive analysis of the subjective meaning of theses changes (transformations). The findings will be triangulated by the perspectives of the partners of depressed men on the transformations. A better understanding of the transformation processes of masculinity orientations and work-related attitudes in the context of a depression will serve as the basis for the development of gender-sensitive services for depressed men.